Problems of Modern India and Swami Vivekanand Essay Example for Free

Problems of Modern India and Swami Vivekanand EssayIndia is one of the fastest developing countries in the world. With its diversified culture, civilization, natural resources, technology and a wealth of skilled human resources, it is also one of the fastest growing economies in the world. But at the same time there are several(prenominal) problems plaguing our Modern India which are affecting the growth and development of our country. Widespread corruption and terrorist act are some of the important problems facing India today.Corruption is very widespread in India. It ranks 72 amongst the top most corrupt countries in the world. In India corruption takes the form of bribes, evasion of taxes, misappropriation of funds, and embezzlement amongst former(a)s. A study set up that more than 50% of the Indian population had firsthand experience of paying bribes or peddling influence to get a job done in a public office. The main consequence of corruption is a loss to exchequer, an unhealthy environment for investment and an increase in cost of government services. isolated from this Corruption also leads to an unethical society. This increases the already existing gap between poor and wealthy. This may lead to unrest and destruction of modern societies. This social nefariousness needs to be curbed so as to bring back moral values in the society as well as to fill the siding gap between the wealthy and the poor.Swami Vivekananda was, above all, an honest and ethical man on a righteous path. He had a strong sense of ethics, morals and principles. One of his famous sayings is that Unselfishness is God. Selfishness and greed are the main causes of corruption. If we all followed in Swami Vivekanandas footsteps and followed his teachings, we would know better than to be so selfish as to extort money from other people in the form of bribes and embezzlement.If more people followed Swami Vivekanandas teachings and principles, we would not have so many selfish peo ple who only think slightly what they want and not about the situation of the poor person whom they are forcing to pay bribes. We would not have so many greed driven people who, in spite of having more wealth than the person sitting across them, still extort and bully the other person into paying them massive bribes. If only more people followed the righteous path shown by Swami Vivekananda and put the ideals he taught to practice, the evil of corruption wouldnt be so rampant in modern India.Terrorism today is a global issue thats feared by almost every country in the world. But its a major issue in modern India owing to the basic religious differences present in India since the time of independence. Religion is the main cause behind terrorism. Terrorists commit acts of terrorism and violence in the name of protecting and promoting their religion. Pakistani militants have constantly attacked India since the Mumbai bombings of 1993 in the name of Jihad. Swami Vivekananda always prea ched about the importance of uniting religious beliefs for the kick upstairs of the human race. He didnt believe in marginalizing any religion and believed every religion to be equal.He definitely was against any kind of violence especially for the preaching of religion. One of his famous sayings was The secret of religion lies not in theories but in practice. To be good and do good that is the whole of religion. He preached about spreading religion by doing good and teaching people how to always do good unto others. Terrorists today have chosen the path of violence to spread their religious beliefs which is totally opposite to what Swami Vivekananda taught us so no wonder terrorism is such a big issue. Religious tolerance and respect for one others beliefs would go a long way towards financial aiding us curb the evil of terrorism and also help humanity move forward harmoniously on the path of progress in unity.Corruption and terrorism are two of the major issues eating away at o ur glorious nation and hindering its progress greatly. Following in Swami Vivekanandas footsteps and practicing the ideals and principles that he preached would help the populace of modern India be less selfish so as to consider the needs of others and less greedy so that people think double before extorting and bullying some poor guy for their money. It would also increase religious tolerance amongst people so that terrorism is curbed and modern India can progress without such hindrances.

Professional Development Plan Essay Example for Free

Professional Development Plan Es governIn order to develop a program that will address the characteristics of my group and me as a leader a thorough review of the performd DISC assessments much be completed on an individual basis and an overall jut can be derived thereafter. The individual analyses are as followsIndividual AssessmentsJeremy Conner, Jessica Mills, and Brian Tuck are all predominately categorized as cautious in style. Their tendencies include organism tense with themselves and others when under pressure, having a natural curiosity about people, being concerned about what people think, feel, and expect, having strong attachments to their personal interests, underestimating the time required to complete tasks, being intuitive and observant about situations and people, associating their self-worth with their work, and being intrigued by concepts, ideas and processes. They are known as the assessors and tend to have strong opinions about people and groups with who m you do not identify or agree.Robert Mills was predominately categorized as interactive in style. This styles strengths include enthusiasm, charm, persuasiveness, and warmth. The cautious style is gifted in people skills and communication skills with individuals as well as groups. They are great influencers. They are idea-people and dreamers who excel at getting others excited about their vision. They are optimist with an abundance of charisma. All of these qualities help them influence people and build alliances to accomplish their goals.I was predominately categorized as a dominance style. My primary motivation is accomplishing bigger and give goals according to an internal timetable. I prefer to be involved in my chosen activities from start to finish, and Iresist people who are obstacles to my achievements. My tendencies include disliking being told what to do, or when and how to do something, being reluctant to change what I think or how I feel, delegating tasks only if abso lutely necessary, acting competitively, especially when energy myself to new levels or in new directions, making sure that production is completed on schedule, depending on plans for action and follow-up routines, and becoming tenacious and cogitate when under pressure.Team Development PlanBased on the analysis of the DISC assessments, I would put myself in a leadership role on the team with Robert as my supervisor, and Jeremy, Jessica, and Brian as subordinates. My style is more fit to a leadership role due to my zest to accomplish bigger and better goals. This desire allows me to look bigger picture which must be done from an upper management perspective in order to keep the company ahead of the trend in all aspects of business to avoid pitfalls. Roberts natural charisma and persuasiveness would make him great at motivating the rest of the team. This does not miserly that Jeremy, Jessica, and Bryan arent just as important to the team supremacy.All workers from top to bottom are needed for a business to be successful. I potently believe in the phrase you are only as good as your weakest member. For this reason, I would make sure that they were given a hap to air their grievances and make suggestions on changes that should be made. I must make sure to allow every team member to have a say in the business processes because this is a weak point of my particular style. Flexibility on my part must be a focal point to stop up that all team members feel heard and feel like they hold value in the company.ConclusionAll of the information in the above plan will be closely monitored and periodic meetings will take place to allow time for all employees to voice their grievances or concerns to ensure that full ossification is being achieved. It is very important that regular monitoring is performed to ensure that the company stays on track and will help ensure the long-term success of the company. Realizing each individuals style as well as their strengths and w eaknesses will allow a more personal and individualizedapproach to be taken in regards to team dynamics and goal attainment.ReferencesUniversity of Phoenix. (2014). DISC Assessments Multimedia. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, LDR531 website.DISC Test and DISC Assessment Explained. (2013). Retrieved from https//www.discinsights.com/whatisdisc.VBMXGGOEzSg

Environmental Impact Of Plastic Bags

Environmental Impact Of Plastic BagsPlastic bags ar a authorized menace to our ecosystems and our waste diversion goals. Barely recyclable, almost all of the 400 credit card bags employmentd per second in the state are discarded. Once discarded, they both interpose our landfills or our marine ecosystem.People think of flexible bags as being free. Instead, they actually cost taxpayers one million millions every year. In San Francisco alone, City officials estimate that they kick the bucket $8.5 million annually to deal with tractile bag litter. That equates to around 17 cents for every bag distributed in the city. AdditionallyIt costs the state $25 million annually to manage plastic bag pollution.Public agencies in California pass on in excess of $303 million annually in litter abatement. Confederate California cities hold up spent in excess of $1.7 billion in meeting Total Maximum Daily Loads for trashed in impaired waterways.Cities and recyclers spend incalculable come ins removing plastic bags from their recyclables stream, where they jam machinery and add to the manual labor costs of recycling.At least 267 species have been scientifically documented to be adversely touch on by plastic marine debris and it is estimated to kill over 100,000 marine mammals and turtles distributively year. Plastic bags are considered especially dangerous to sea turtles, who may fracture them for jellyfish, a main food source. 86% of all known species of sea turtles have had reported problems of entanglement or ingestion of marine debris. Plastic bags that enter our marine environment eventually break down into small fragments.Plastic bags, which are made from natural gas or oil, consume an energy identical of thousands of set of oil a day just to meet Californias consumption. Numerous recent international, national, state and local anesthetic reports have called for the banning or drastic lessening of plastic bags due to their environmental damage. Achim Stein er, head of the UN Environmental Program, recently said there is simply zero justification for manufacturing plastic bags any more, anywhere.Home / Plastic Bags / why Plastic Bags are a ProblemWhy Plastic Bags are a ProblemPlastic bags are popular with consumers and retailers as they are a functional, lightweight, strong, cheap, and hygienic way to transport food and other products. Approximately 6.9 billion plastic bags are consumed annually in Australia6 billion of these are laid-back density polyethylene (HDPE), such as supermarket atomic number 53t bags or supermarket bridle bags.0.9 billion are low density polyethylene (LDPE), such as dress shop bags.67% of HDPE 25% of LDPE bags are imported with the remainder locally produced.There are two major environmental problems associated with our use of plastic bags.Firstly, plastic bags are one of the most damaging forms of litter.At least 80 million plastic bags end up as litter on our b for each onees, streets and parks each year temporary hookup they are estimated to only be 2% of the litter stream, they have a significant environmental squeeze because they can take up to 1,000 years to break down.Their persistence in the environment centre that they can entangle and harm marine life and other animals. In fact, the World large Fund for Nature estimates that more than 100,000 heavyweights, seals, turtles, and birds die every year as a result of plastic bags.For example, on 24 August 2000, a Brydes whale died in Trinity Bay, 2 km from central Cairns. An autopsy found that the whales stomach was tightly packed with plastic, including supermarket bags, food packages, bait bags, three large sheets of plastic, and fragments of slobber bags. There was no food in its stomach. When the out of work animal decays, the plastic bags are freed to be re-ingested by other animals in years to come. On land, plastic bag litter can block drains and trap birds. They also kill livestock. One farmer near Mudgee NSW, carri ed out an autopsy on a dead calf and found 8 plastic bags in its stomach. The loss of this calf cost the farmer around $500.Cleaning up this litter is expensive. Australian local and state governments spend over $200 million a year picking up litter (all forms).Source Federal Department of Environment HYPERLINK http//www.deh.gov.au/ manufacture/waste/plastic-bags/HYPERLINK http//www.deh.gov.au/industry/waste/plastic-bags/Heritage websiteSecondly, the plastic shopping bag, a single use item, is a symbol of a wasteful society 20 million Australians used 6.7 billion plastic checkout bags this year (down from 6.9 billion the previous year). Thats nearly 1 plastic bag per person per day or 345 bags per person per year.A persons use of a plastic checkout bag can be counted in minutes however long it takes to get from the shops to their homes.The amount of petroleum used to make one plastic bag would drive a car about 115 metres. The 6.9 billion plastic checkout bags we use every year is enough to drive a car 800 million kilometres or nearly 20,000 times around the world i.e. 4 round trips to the Sun.less(prenominal) than 3% of Australias plastic bags are currently being recycled, despite recycling facilities being available at major supermarkets.Only an estimated 19% of the 3.7 billion plastic supermarket shopping bags handed out in Australia every year, are being reused by households as kitchen bin liners.In many council areas, plastic bags are the single main contaminant of kerbside recycling.Plastic bags are not free to consumers they are actually adding an estimated $173 million a year to Australias grocery bills.Source Planet ArkWhile these facts paint a grim picture, an October 2003 Roy Morgan study showed that 87% of Australians were concerned about the impact plastic bags have on the environment. In addition, action is being interpreted to reduce the impact of plastic bags, for exampleColes Bay in Tasmania have successfully banned plastic checkout bags in all their retail stores. downstairs an agreement between the Federal Government and the Australian Retailers Association (ARA), retailers have until December 2004 to reduce their consumption of lightweight single use plastic checkout bags by 25%. This rises to 50% by December 2005.More and more people around the world are becoming aware of the environmental issues surround plastic bags. Considering their somewhat placid appearance, the impact of plastic bags on the environment can be devastating.Here are some facts about the environmental impact of plastic bagsPlastic bags cause over 100,000 sea turtle and other marine animal deaths every year when animals mistaken them for foodThe manufacture of plastic bags add tonnes of carbon emissions into the air annuallyIn the UK, banning plastic bags would be the equivalent of taking 18,000 cars off the roads each year mingled with 500 billion and 1 trillion plastic bags are used worldwide each yearApproximately 60 100 million barrels of o il are required to make the worlds plastic bags each yearMost plastic bags take over 400 years to biodegrade. Some figures reason that plastic bags could take over 1000 years to break down. (I guess nobody will live long enough to find out). This means not one plastic bag has ever naturally biodegraded.China uses around 3 billion plastic bags each dayIn the UK, each person uses around 220 plastic bags each yearAround 500,000 plastic bags are collected during Clean Up Australia Day each year. Clean Up Australia Day is a nationwide world-class to get as many members of the public to get out and pick up litter from their local areas. Unfortunately, each year in Australia approximately 50 million plastic bags end up as litter.Fortunately, some governments around the world are taking the initiative to deal with the environmental impact of plastic bags by either banning plastic bags or discouraging their usage.Under current city law, large supermarkets and stove drugstores, such as Saf eway and Walgreens, only may provide three kinds of bags to customers at the checkout stand recyclable paper bags, compostable plastic bags and reusable bags.All single-use expendable bags are banned under the old law.In the new law, Mirkarimi crafted a few exemptions, which include using plastic bags for produce or for garments.He is contemplating a companion piece to his legislation that would impose a 10-cent charge for paper bags. Currently, retailers dont charge for paper bags in San Francisco, though some, such as Whole Foods and Rainbow Grocery, dampen customers credit for using their own bags.Mirkarimi estimates that broadening the law would remove tens of millions more bags from the environment.Plastic bags are a clear example of excess run amok, he said. People dont necessarily realize the composition of the plastic bag or the consequences of the plastic bag. Theyre omnipresent.Shari Jackson, director of the Progressive Bag Affiliates of the American Plastics Council, sa id Mirkarimis proposed legislation would have unintended consequences, chiefly increasing the use of paper bags, which have their own environmental problems, and taking away jobs of people who manufacture the plastic bags

Software Architecture Design Approach

softw atomic number 18 computer architecture architectural plan onslaughtRizwan Umaid Ali1 Generate and Test as a software program architecture Design Approach1.1 About the WriterLen Bass from the Software Engineering Institute, CMU. Published in European Conference on Software architecture 2009.1.2 inletSoftware Architecture soma has be roll in the hay a fundamental component of package development life cycle. As other components of life cycle scrutinying the design of the architecture is important and relates directly to overall spirit of the Software Application.1.3 line of workTo make a Software Architecture a design decision edge that flock test the design hypothesis, test quality of it and identify issues and rank them on the basis of priority. The process result develop test case on individually step of design process. This will result a sequential process in which each design will be developed and tested and therefore improving the overall design quality of software system.1.4 Design HypothesisMost designs are created in the context of an existing system, even it is created from scratch and non being modified. Consider this our initial hypothesis tummy come from succeeding(a) sourcesThe system we will modify or the new usageality we will add.A functionally similar system.A framework designed to provide services which will help in design process.A collection of legacy/open-source applications.1.5 usher Test CasesAfter we moderate our initial hypothesis we have to determine how to identify if design satisfies the quality benchmark expected from the application. For this we have to establish test cases and identify three sources for it.Identify perspectives which can be use to generate test cases.Identify architecturally significant requirements.View specific use cases. A number of use cases can be derived by thinking about specific architectural views.1.6 Test ProcedureHaving the test cases of design hypothesis, following methods can be used to test the design and detect its nigglingcomings.Analytic models using quality attributes.Develop simulations of how design will support the test cases.Create exemplification of initial design. Needs more effort but gives best result.1.7 Test Result and Next HypothesisThe test result will either press out that the design hypothesis passes all tests and fulfills the quality requirement or there are shortcomings. The quality attributes these shortcomings relate to should be identified first. We can use dickens approaches to alter the design. harbour architectural patterns to problems detected.Use architectural tactics to address for specific quality attributes.The updated/next hypothesis will go through the to a higher place process recursively until the design with required quality is achieved or the time allocated for the design process runs out.1.8 ConclusionThis paper presents a software architecture design process where we will test, validate and update our desi gn until it reaches the quality benchmark.The architect of the software system can use this process to identify shortcomings and make decisions for alternative design structures.2 SecArch Architecture-level Evaluation and Testing for Security2.1 About the WriterSarah Al-Azzani and Rami Bahsoon from University of Birmingham. Published in Software Architecture (WICSA) and European Conference on Software Architecture (ECSA) in 2012.2.2 IntroductionSoftware architecture models or views are evaluated for detection problems early in the software development lifecycle. We can detect critical trade protection vulnerabilities at this stage and get a chance to improve quality at a very low cost. This paper presents methodology for detecting certificate vulnerabilities caused by implied scenarios and race conditions.2.3 ProblemIncorporating multiple views of an architecture and studying the communications mingled with them and give ways analyze security concerns in concurrent systems. This will done by comparison between complete vs incomplete system models using ii methods,one for detecting implied scenarios using behaviour models,and one for detecting race conditions using scenario diagrams.2.4 Scenario-based specificationsScenario-based specifications are based on procedural-flow through components. Each scenario explains a partial view of the concurrent system. The scenario-based model will have following three propertiesthe composition of scenarios from multiple component views of the software system,the possible continuations between multiple scenario andthe hidden implied scenarios.2.5 Implied ScenariosImplied scenarios can be formed my dynamically combining two different scenarios together and provide an architectural flow for them is state representation. down the stairs is an example of behavior model which is combining two different scenarios together. It uses an incremental algorithmic program for detecting inconsistent implied scenarios from sequence mo dels. physique 1 behavior model example2.6 Detecting Race ConditionsWe can apply race condition scenarios to to a higher place model and identify security vulnerabilities. Below are the 3 possible cases. Race Condition 1 disabling the server during authentication. Race Condition 2 what happens when the user commits to buy an item while the server is being disabled. Race Condition 3 what happens when the server is disabled while the user is logging off.Below are sequence diagrams for these three race conditions.Figure 2 Race Conditions2.7 ConclusionThis paper presented an incremental architecture evaluation method that merges behavior models with structural analysis for improved detection of inconsistencies. We examined the concept of implied scenarios and detection of race conditions.The writer also compared his proposed method with current industry practices and tested the on industry projects. He found that his method can give better results. The future work will focus on genera ting test cases to perform live testing on the system under test.3 Towards a Generic Architecture for Multi-Level Modeling3.1 About the WriterThomas Aschauer, Gerd Dauenhauer, Wolfgang Pree from University of Salzburg. Published in European Conference on Software Architecture 2009.3.2 IntroductionSoftware architecture modeling frameworks are essential for representing architecture and their views and the viewpoints they are derived from.Conventional modeling approaches like UML do not have qualified complexity to explain the models and meta-models (defining the models) of architecture.3.3 ProblemGeneral purpose meta-models are used in the ceremonious modeling techniques, which are not sufficient for modern software models. Model driven architecture has to use more generic approach to describe multilevel architecture.3.4 model-driven design and parameter generationModel-driven engineering (MDE) is method for managing complexities of developing large software intensive systems. Th e models in MDE are the main artifacts describing a system going under design process. This paper aims at developing a framework for model-driven generation of automation system configuration parameters using a testbed platform.The configuration parameters for the automation system can be generated automatically when a testbed model includes hardware and software components.Figure 3 Testbed configuration MDE3.5 Presented Prototypical implementationThe below example explain the modeling approach presented in this paper.Component is an example of the fixed meta-model particles represented as code in the environment. Different types of engines can instanter be either initiated using the Component, or by cloning the initial Engine and copying t to new engine.In the example, the Engine has two attributes, Inertia and MaxSpeed. In prototypical approach each element is an instance and must provide values to these attributes. Diesel and Otto represent two kinds of engines since they are cloned from Engine, they receive copies of the attributes Inertia and MaxSpeed, as hearty as their values. Italics script is used to mark such copied attributes grey text is used to express that the attribute values are kept unchanged.Figure 4 Meta-models exampleIn Figure 4 DType represents a family of diesel engines. D1 finally is a concrete, physically existing member.3.6 ConclusionThis paper we presented applications of multi-level modeling in the domain of testbed automation systems and why conventional modeling is insufficient for our MDE requirements and how multi-level modeling can solve the representation issues. They presented an approach to represent models in much more detail with simple notations.4 automate reliability prediction from formal architectural descriptions4.1 About the WriterJo ao M. Franco, Raul Barbosa and M ario Zenha-Rela University of Coimbra, Portugal. Published in Software Architecture (WICSA) and European Conference on Software Architecture (ECSA) i n 2012.4.2 IntroductionAssessment of quality attributes (i.e., non-functional requirements, such as performance, safety or reliability) of software architectures during design phase so early decisions are validated and the quality requirements are achieved.4.3 ProblemThese quality requirements are most often manually checked, which is time consuming and error-prone payable to the overwhelmingly complexity of designs.A new approach to assess the reliability of software architectures. It consists in extracting and validating a Markov model from the system specification written in an Architecture Description Language (ADL).4.4 Reliability vaticination ProcessThere are many different methods to achieve reliability prediction are known, each targeting various(a) failure behaviours and different reliability assessment methods. The writer presented the below process for reliability prediction.Architecture and Module identification and their interactions.The Probability of Failure specif ied in terms of a percentage.Combining the architecture with the failure behaviour. Below is an example of batch sequential style state model using the Marov model.Figure 5 Markov model exampleValidation of the ProcessThe validation of the process presented by the writer was done in two stepsValidity of Reliability PredictionValidity with different architectural styles.The validations were compared to previous research studies. It was found that results were similar proving that the mathematical models were accurate.5 In Search of a Metric for Managing Architectural adept Debt5.1 About the WriterRobert L. Nord and Ipek Ozkaya from the Software Engineering Institute, CMU. Published in European Conference on Software Architecture 2009.5.2 IntroductionThe good debt is trade-off between short-term and long-term value. Taking shortcuts to optimize the delivery of features in the short term incurs debt, analogous to financial debt, that must be paid off subsequently to optimize long-te rm success. This paper demonstrates a architecture focused and measurement based approach to calculate technical debt by describing an application under development.5.3 ProblemTechnical debt thoroughly relays on system evaluation. An organization which has to evolve its system has to make sure if future development will not increase its debt and have a lower cost. In this paper the writer develops a metric that assists in strategically managing technical debt.5.4 Architecture Debt AnalysisWe will analyze technical debt on two different paths. Both paths have different priorities.Path 1 Deliver soon.To deliver a working version of the system quickly, the platform calls for making the minimum required effort at the beginning.Path 2 Reduce rework and enable compatibility.Requires an investment in infrastructure during the first deliveries. toll compression of both paths is illustrated in the table below.Table 1 Cost ComparisonWe can calculate the total cost T with a function taking i mplementation cost and rework cost as input.T = F( Ci, Cr)For simplicity we consider the function sums both the cost up only. We can now compare the total cost with the cumulative cost.Table 2 Cost comparison with cumulative cost5.5 Modeling ReworkIn Agile software development an important challenge is to give value to long term goals then short term. The cost of taking an architectural design decision at once always has a lower cost than refactoring the design in future implementations.An organization should have the following prospective towards its technical debt.Focusing on short term goals puts the organization technical jeopardy, when the debt cannot be further handled.Using shortcuts can give success on short term until the rework cost starts to come and the cost and timeline becomes unmanageable.The architectural decisions requires active follow-ups and continuous cost analysis. This is to make sure that the design decision will make an impact in future costs of development. 5.6 ConclusionFrom this research we conclude that the future development of well-designed application has lower cost and is less tentative. Therefore the technical debt in lower if the architecture is well defined and fulfills quality attributes requirement.6 Research Topic Testing Software Architectural Changes and adapting best practices to achieve highest quality in a quantifiable manner.6.1 IntroductionWe have looked into testing methodologies and design process and possible technical debt on software architecture. We now look how our technical debt will be effected if due t future requirements the architecture have to be changed.6.2 Proposed Research ProblemWe will first Estimating Technical debt onExistingSoftware architecture and Software system. Then using Design changes and code changes for estimating technical debt and quality attributes. The prediction is made based on comparisons with similar change bursts that occurred in the Architecture. The views of software architec ture will be used. This is relevant in Agile Development.6.3 Types of changesWe can classify each type of change in architecture by analyzing the overall impact of it on the architecture and possibilities of technical debt from it. We also assign a propagation value to each type of debt so that its estimated suavity can be quantified.Small architectural change in one or some views.Low Technical Debt increase (0.10)Addition of new architecture. Architecture for new functionality added.Medium Technical Debt increase (0.30)Small changes in several views.High Technical Debt increase (0.60)Massive architectural change is several views.High Technical Debt increase (0.80)6.4 Proposed SolutionAfter analyzing research document and book Software Architecture in Practice, I can give following points on how the technical debt of new architecture can be managed.Compare updated architecture and see how the updates have increased the technical debt.Apply same test cases which were used in the in itial software architecture.See how quality attributes are increased or decreased after the update.6.5 Reduction of Technical DebtTo reduce the technical debt after architectural changes following strategies can be adopted.6.5.1 RefactoringApply architectural patterns to improve several quality attributes.Use architectural tactics to address for specific quality attributes.6.5.2 Retaining existing Architecture ModelsContinue the existing architecture in patterns.Search for Modifiability tactics already used. Stick to that tactics.7 References1 Len Bass Generate and test as a software architecture design approach. WICSA/ECSA 2009 scallywag 309 312.2 Sarah Al-Azzani and Rami Bahsoon. SecArch Architecture-level Evaluation and Testing for Security. In 2012 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA) and European Conference on Software Architecture (ECSA), pages 51 60, Aug. 2012.3 Thomas Aschauer, Gerd Dauenhauer, Wolfgang Pree. Towards a Generic Architecture f or Multi-Level Modeling. European Conference on Software Architecture 2009 Page 121 130.4 J. Franco, R. Barbosa, and M. Zenha-Rela. Automated reliability prediction from formal architectural descriptions. In 2012 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA) and European Conference on Software Architecture (ECSA), pages 302 -309, Aug. 2012.5 R. Nord, I. Ozkaya, P. Kruchten, and M. Gonzalez-Rojas, In search of a metric for managing architectural technical debt, in 2012 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture and 6th European Conference on Software Architecture, 2012, pp. 91-100.

The Olay Brand Called Olay Evolution Marketing Essay

The Olay Brand C solelyed Olay Evolution Marketing EssayINTRODUCTIONThe Procter Gamble Company (PG) is one of the worlds largest consumer goods companies. It grocery stores to a greater extent than 300 signs in the beauty, health, fabric, home, baby, family, and personal c atomic number 18 proceeds categories. The order operates in the Americas, Europe and Asia. It is headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio, and employs about 135,000 people.CORPORATE OBJECTIVESThe objective of Procter Gamble is that They provide issue branded products and services of superior quality and honour that improve the lives of the worlds consumers, now and for generations to come. As a result, consumers will reward us with leadership gross revenue, profit and survey creation, allowing our people, our shareholders and the communities in which we live and work to prosper. (http//www.uk.pg.com/ ships social club/aboutPG/purposeValuesPrinciples.html)CORPORATE STRATEGYProcter Gamble (PG), one of the world s largest consumer goods companies is as well a pioneer in the use of mass media. The family has used revolutionaryspaper advertisements, radio and soap operas to advertise its popular brands like Crest, Pampers, Pantene and Folgers. During 1990-2000, however,its rate of outgrowth took a plunge. When AG Lafley took over as CEO in 2000, he gave PG a complete makeover with the focus on innovation and advertising. Since 2000, PG has been increasingly embracing targeted, viral and on-line marketing. (http//www.uk.pg.com/company/aboutPG/purposeValuesPrinciples.html)PROPOSED PRODUCTolayLogo87_Jul06.jpg EvolutionOlay is a cosmopolitan leader in undress care and have been trusted by women for fifty years. Graham Wulff, an innovative and entrepreneurial South African chemist unquestionable the original formula at the beginning of the 1950s. Olay has eight global product lines offering a multiple of product. Product such as Olay professional pro-X, Olay Definity, Olay Regenerist, Olay marrow effect, Olay complete, Olay hydrate cleanse, Olay clarity, Olay body lotion, Olay touch of sun and Olay body cleansing (http//www.docstoc.com/docs/14719894/Oil-Of-Olay-Products).Skin care is evolving faster than ever with in unfree clinical trial and new standards in natural and constituent(a) cosmetics. Olay evolution will be a combination of Olay total effects (7 seven powerful anti-ageing in one) and Olay Definity (fight wrinkles, brown spot and discolouration). umpteen consumers want products that offer more than one benefit. So this product is expected to moisturize, fight free radicals and give the struggle a more youthful appearance. This product would offer the beumer an ideal combination of the world most powerful skin care solution.Anti-aging is the fastest-growing skin segment, standing at $567.6 million, now representing the biggest division in skin care, surpassing facial cleansers which stand at $559.2 million. (http//www.all crease.com/population-demogra phics/demographic-groups/5517853-1.html)product-landing-definity_v6.jpg product-landing-total-effects.jpgWomen are very particular when dealing with their face. They need to be convinced the product will deport all the promised benefits. Women are willing to try new things and spend more money to look better and younger. Skin care attracts customers from all income level as most women like to take care of their appearance. The cast up number of women working equates women with more money to spend and skin care is one of the favourite avenues for their spending.establish on Procter Gamble F4Q10 (Qtr End 06/30/2010) Earnings Call Transcript, Female Skin Care grew volume double digits with positive share trends. In the U.S., Olay all-outlet value share of the Facial Moisturizer segment was up almost 2 points behind the continued strength of the Olay Pro-X line and the Olay Regenerist Roller ball Eye Treatment innovation. Olay overly had strong results in developing markets, more t han doubling shipments in India, Saudi Arabia and the Philippines. Organic sales increased 5%, driven by 8% organic volume growth. (http//seekingalpha.com/article/218380-procter-gamble-f4q10-qtr-end-06-30-2010- recompense-call-transcript)Rate of Global skin care market 2002 and 2007Country2002 (M)2009 (M)US6,752.28,059.2FRANCE2,391.14,368.0GERMANY1,975.13,239.3ITALY1,440.02,340.4SPAIN956.41,897.9UK1,612.72,937.6Source Euro monitor internationalBelow are the analyses of the business environment to back up the proposal.ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTEvery Business operates within an environment, these environments directly and indirectly affects the way those businesses function. Competition in the skin care manufacture tends to be more intense and there are many changes that can be regarded as threat and opportunity that it is important for managers to heading with.MACROPoliticalThe political environment Relates to the pressures and opportunities brought by changes of the governme nt and their views toward the skin care industry. Each government always have a mandate to perplex the use on non organic ingredients in most skin care product.EconomicThis Refers to economic factors and structures and such variables like the stock exchange, interest and inflation rates, the nations economic policies and performance, exchange rates, etc. Although PG is based in the US, it earns revenues, pay expenses, own assets and incur liabilities in countries using currencies other than the US dollar. As a result, increases or decreases in the value of the US dollar against other major currencies will affect the companys net operating revenues, operating income and the value of balance sheet items denominated in contrasted currencies.SocialMiddle-aged women are very interested in skin care items that help them retain a more youthful appearance and complexion. spy social factors helps musical arrangements maintain their reputation among stakeholders.TechnologicalChanges in t echnology can affect a company warring line. Industries merge new strategic groups place currents products improve and the cost of production gets reduced by process innovation. Because the skin care industry is very competitive, the company necessitate taking advantage of the current technology and new substances to create new product in order to maintain customers interest and loyalty.EnvironmentalWith global warming and carbon foot prints universe big concerns, governments and scientists are encouraging companies and individuals to be more environmentally aware. PGs policy is to Ensure its products, packaging and operations are safe for their employees, consumers and the environment. Reduce or continue the environmental impact of products and packaging in their design, manufacture, distribution, use and disposal whenever possible. They support the sustainable use of resources and actively encourage reuse, recycling and composting.MICROBuyer advocateConsumer products compa nies face weak buyer power because customers are disjointed and have little specify on price or product. But considering the buyers of consumer products to be retailers kinda than individuals, then these firms face very strong buyer power. matchless good example is the business relationship between wall-mart and PG (see swot analysis).Supplier Power the company could face some amount of supplier power simply because of the costs incurred when switching suppliers. Notwithstanding, suppliers that do large amount of business with the company also are somewhat obliged to their customers nonetheless, negociate power for both the firms and their suppliers is probably limited.Threat of New EntrantsGiven the amount of capital investment needed to enter the skin care industry, the assumption is that threat of new entrants will be fairly low.Threat of SubstitutesWithin the skin care industry, brands thrive in helping to ground a competitive advantage, but even the pricing power of brands can be scoured with substitutes. Threats to this product may arise from other anti-aging products such as Avotone, Revitol, Ceramide C etc.Degree of Rivalry Skin care industry is a very competitive market, taking advantage of the latest technology and revolutionary substances to create new product in order to maintain customers interest and loyalty will be very important. In doing so it will increase the companys competitive advantage over other top brands like Avon and Nivea Visage.INTERNALThe internal environment constitutes variables and forces within the control of the organisation. These variables are conditions, entities,events, andfactorswithin an organization whichinfluenceitsactivitiesandchoices, its philosophy, particularly thebehaviour of theemployees. Other variables include theorganisation mission statement,leadership style, and itsculture.SWOT Analysis this is a planning method use to evaluate the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and divvy up to a business. It inv olves specifying objectives of a business at the same time identifying the internal and external elements that will affect the business both positive and negative in the race to attain its stated objectives.StrengthsWeaknessesLeading market position geared on a strong brand portfolio.Significant RD and market investment.Robust coin productivityIncrease instances of product recall.Excessive dependant on Wal-mart.High product prices translated into sales volume decline and market share loss.OpportunitiesThreatsFuture growth plans- Increase concentration on its core attractive businesses and enhancing its customer base.Increase investment in manufacturing capacity in developing countries.Acquisitions to thrive portfolioCounterfeit goods. changing global retail scenario and rise of private labels.Commodity cost and currency exchange rate.Rising cost of energy pricesEconomic slowdown in US and Euro zone.(www.datamonitor.com)STRENGTHSLeading market position garnered on a strong brand po rtfolioWith revenues of $79,029 million, PG is the worlds largest consumer products manufacturer, with its products reaching 4 jillion people worldwide. PG is the 20th largest company in sales and the 9th largest company in profit among the Fortune 500 companies. The companys market capitalization in 2009 was roughly $150 billion, making it one of the 10 most semiprecious companies in the US. PG holds leading global market shares in a variety of categories, including baby care (33%), blades and razors (70%), feminine protection (37%), and fabric care (33%). The companys leadership position is built on its strong brand portfolio. Strong brand portfolio enables the company to achieve economies of scale in distribution and retain a strong bargaining position with retailers. Leading market position provides PG with significant competitive advantage as well as stabilizes the companys financial growthSignificant RD and market investment. macrocosm a consumer products company, PG relies heavily on innovation and continued marketing investments in order to establish a significant competitive advantage. As a result, the company has made significant investments in RD and marketing. oer the last decade, PG has invested more than $2 billion in consumer and market research (nearly twice that of its closest competitor, Unilever and equal to the unite total of its other major competitors Avon, Clorox Company, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Energizer Holdings, Henkel, Kimberly-Clark, LOreal, and Reckitt Benckiser). Virtually, all the organic sales growth delivered by PG in the past nine years has come from new brands and new or improved product innovation. PG also involves external innovation partners to boost its internal innovative capability, an approach it calls Connect and Develop. Currently, more than half of all product innovation coming from PG includes at least one major component from an external partner. PGs strong RD capabilities and a marketing-driven understanding of consumer needs are approve by significant marketing investments. The company invests more than $7 billion in advertising annually, consistently making PG one of the worlds largest advertisers. Strong focus on research and development allows PG to renew its product line at regular intervals, which boosts customer loyalty and revenue growth. Significant marketing investments to support its brands and a big product portfolio help PG to remain at forefront in a competitive market.Robust cash productivityPGs cash productivity the percentage of earnings converted into cash has averaged over 100% since 2001, consistently among the very best in the industry. This is primarily due to PGs strong focus on productivity, working-capital management and cost reduction. Furthermore, PG is equally rigorous about managing costs. The company has reduced overhead costs as a percentage of sales by more than 300 soil points since 2001. The cash productivity allows PG to maintain the companys excel lent credit rating, to pay strong dividends, and to have the flexibility to invest in the business organically or by means of mergers and acquisitions. Therefore, robust cash productivity ensures that PG has the flexibility and the resources to invest in growth even in the most challenging environments.WEAKNESSESPG has been registering increasing instance of product recalls. One case in point is in November 2009, the company voluntarily recalled three lots of its Vicks Sinex nasal spray in the US, Germany and the UK. The recall was a precautionary tempo after finding the bacteria B. cepacia in a small amount of product made at its plant in Gross Gerau, Germany. In blemish 2010, PG voluntarily recalled its Pringles Restaurant Cravers Cheeseburger potato crisps and Pringles Family Faves Taco Night potato crisps in response to a recommendation from the Food Drug Administration (FDA) to the food industry to protect consumers from potential Salmonella exposure. Most recently in June 2010, PG voluntarily recalled a small percentage of 1-liter bottles of Scope Original Mint and Scope Peppermint mouthwash with malfunctioning child-resistant caps in the US and Canada. Recurrent product recalls could affect the brand anatomy of the company, which would lead to low customer loyalty and brand equity.Excessive hooklike on Wal-MartPG is heavily dependent on Wal-Mart Stores (Wal-Mart) and its affiliates for generating major part of its revenue. Sales to Wal-Mart and its affiliates represented approximately 15% of its total revenue since 2006. High dependence upon a Wal-Mart reduces the bargaining power of the company. Also, Wal-Mart could use its bargaining power to impose unfavourable terminations on the company. Any decrease in revenue from Wal-Mart could have a negative impact on the companys businesses. Hence, the loss of this customer will lead to a sharp decline in PGs revenues and also a loss of its market share.OPPRTUNITIESFuture growth plansIn order to grow i n a highly competitive environment, PG is pursuing a clearly drafted strategy with focus on two areas increasing concentration on its core attractive businesses and enhancing its customer base. The company is sharply focusing on its core attractive businesses (the beauty and health market segments and several household care categories) as these are fast-growing businesses. For instance, the global market for personal care products has annual sales of over $39.5 billion and is growing at a rate of around 5% annually. PG intends to increase its customer base by acquiring under served and unserved consumers. In line with this, the company is targeting developing markets extending its distribution systems and expanding its brand and product portfolio. Developing and emerging economies are expected to account for 90% of the worlds population by 2010, and this is expected to drive study for fast moving consumer goods.Increased investment in manufacturing capacity in developing countriesP G is planning the biggest increase in its manufacturing capacity in order to expand into categories and countries where it doesnt have a brand presence. The company is investing 4% of sales in capital spending, including funding for new manufacturing capacity to support future growth. Over the next five years, PG plans to add 20 new manufacturing facilities. Almost all of these facilities are in developing markets, and almost all will be multi-product category facilities. By focusing on developing markets, the company would reduce the cost of serving these markets while also being closer to regions with the greatest long term growth potential.Acquisitions to expand portfolioPG has made significant acquisitions in the recent past. For instance, in June 2009, the company acquired the Zirh skincare brand. Zirh is a leading super premium, male grooming brand available in high-end department stores, specialty outlets and online. Later in May 2010, PG entered into an agreement to acquire Natura Pet Products, a privately-held pet food business. Most recently, in July 2010, the company concluded its purchase of the Ambi Pur Brand from Sara Lee Corporation. Ambi Pur is a leading global air care brand with presence in 80 countries, and also has several toilet care products, with strong presence in Western Europe and Asia. These kinds of acquisitions will strengthen PGs presence across a range of categories and in turn augment its top line and bottom-line.THREATSChanging global retail scenario and rise of private labelsPGs products are sold in a highly competitive global marketplace which is experiencing an increased trade concentration and the growing presence of large format retailers and discounters. With the growing trend toward retail trade consolidation, it is increasingly dependent on key retailers. Some of these retailers have a greater bargaining strength than PG. They may use this leverage to demand higher trade discounts, allowances or slotting fees, which cou ld lead to reduced sales or profitability. Commodity cost and currency exchange rate instability places tremendous pressure on PGs business. Not to intimate the unexpected and dramatic devaluations of currencies in developing or emerging markets reduce profits.Counterfeit goodsTrade of counterfeits and pass-offs products is negatively affecting the growth of FMCG companies like PG. The top two brands within any category be it cosmetics, detergents, or soaps are effected the most by counterfeit. It is estimated that the loss due to counterfeit products convert into around 6 billion ($8.5 billion). Furthermore, with the advent of digital channels there has been a surge in the sale of counterfeit products and online sales of these products increased by 9% in 2009. Besides revenue losses, counterfeits and pass-offs also affect the companys brand as they are unsafe.(Swot analysis Source www.datamonitor.com )The best strategies accomplish an organisation mission by exploiting an organisa tion opportunity and strength, while neutralizing its treat and avoiding its weakness.Ansoff matrixAnsoff matrix highlight four possible market strategy for the propose product.ansoff_matrix-124013-1.jpeg(http//www.brothersoft.com/ansoff-matrix-124013.html).Product development as this is a new product in the range, much emphasis will be to offer the product to the active customer base. Using the competitive advantages and brand image of previous products to lunch the propose product. With the companys focus on advertising, (worlds largest advertisers) it can use the advertising power to push the product to recognition. Sixty percent (60%) of the strategy will be on product development.Diversification One of the opportunities available to the company is launching into new markets and developing economies. Forty percent (40%) of the strategy will be to launch the propose product in an entirely new market.Market Penetration this occurs when the company sells its existing product in it s existing market, perhaps through greater promotional efforts. As this is a new product this strategy might be considered in the future.Market Development this occurs when the company tries to sell it existing products in new and emerging markets. This strategy as well might be for future considerations.

In this cold generation :: essays papers

In this cold generation In this cold generation, called Generation X, where young men and women find themselves lost wondering what to do with their life, finding a passion for something, a passion that rules your life, is very important. I found out in my interview with Phil Gervais that unlike many of his generation he has a direction. He looks like any other 18 year old, but he is different because in some way he has what many of us lack he knows what he wants. He wants to become a firefighter. Phil has found a passion that rules his life. Phil is pursuing a major in Social replacement but as soon as he finishes college, he will apply for a job with the Fire Department in his hometown of Ware Massachusetts. How did Phil jump this passion? Phils desire to become a firefighter is an inherited trait because for generations many members of his family served as firefighters. This family legacy remarkably influenced Phils choices in life. His grand sky pilot Ernie, an emig rant from Canada, became the initiatory one to enroll as a volunteer firefighter. Then his father, his uncle and finally his aunt all became firefighters. Phil used to go with his father when he answered his fire calls. piece accompanying his father in 1992, a time when Phil was only 8 years old, he saw a victim of a fire for the first base time. His first encounter with a dead person did not discourage him from the idea of becoming a firefighter. How did it happen? One afternoon he went with his father to the scene of a fire and there he suddenly saw in the middle of the floor a dead soundbox of one of the victims of the fire. partially covered with a blanket, Phil could only see a few burned spots on the hands. Nevertheless, he was not scared. While accompanying his father on many fire calls, Phil heard many terrible noises and he felt the heat of the fire. He saw tragic sights such as the dead body on many occasions. These scenes became commonplace during his childhood. N ow eighteen years old, Phil works as a volunteer firefighter in his hometown. Only last workweek he was able to put his training to practice in a real fire call.

acting like a lady :: essays research papers

So You Want To Act Like a Lady?For years wo workforce engender been waxing, plucking and beautifying themselves for one reason and one reason only because they specify that is beauty. A woman is only classified as a lady if she can walk, talk and dress the part. The way that society has viewed femininity has changed immensely over the past hundred years, but acting like a tomboy or, heaven forbid, being loyal and independent is looked down upon in the eyes of men and other women. Certain standards of ladylike demeanor have become outdated in todays society, and women should be looked at as beautiful when strong and independent. But what defines a woman to be ladylike, and can it be defined as a single type? I believe that standards of beauty have changed, and standing out is what will get you ahead in society today. Stereotypes of the ideal female must be brought down to work on achieving midland beauty and internal happiness.Since the 1950s, women have been seen as very dainty and sensitive creatures who are meant to be silent partners to their mates. A womans place was in the home-cooking, cleaning and watching after her children. Women were to get up every morning and prepare lunches for their breadwinning husbands, as well as wake and dress the children for school, cook breakfast, do housework and have a hot meal on the table when her husband was to return home. Women have stepped down to their traditional roles as housewife and caretaker, and it has increase many issues in society today. It was considered a womans job to be a good cook and be a whiz with a broom, in fact, it is what made them so darn attractive. Times, they are a changing. In fact, the U.S Department of Labor states that in the year 2008, women will make up 48% of the work force. That means that more women will be going to college and getting and education, as well as heading out into the workforce to make a name for themselves. Being a lady also means dressing like a lady. But sinc e when has the portrait of a woman relied on what she wore? I have been told all my life that high heels are a womans best friend, and a true treasure is finding just your tone of voice of lipstick. The pain that women endure for a small amount of vanity will be forever a mystery to me.