Principles and Articles of the US Constitution Essay

When one speaks of checks and balances in government you must understand what is really being asked. It is simply a system set up of the three branches of government that can either amend or veto an act of another branch as to prevent any one branch from having too much power over the other. Is this system effective? Over time, the Constitution has been interpreted and amended to adapt to changing circumstances, and the powers exercised by the federal government have changed with it. For instance because the federal government can influence the states it has the right to withhold federal funds from the states that do not want to go along with their plans whatever they maybe. Because the government can only exercise those powers specifically granted by Constitution, it is important to protection the rights and powers of the people. This includes the freedom of speech, press, and religion; the right to be free from unlawful searches and to a trail by jury, all of which are the first 10 amendments. Numerous real life conflicts have put this system to test over the past couple of centuries, but have stood fairly strong for over 200 years. From the resignation of Nixon over the Watergate scandal to Clinton’s impeachment over the affair with Ms. Lewinsky (Checks and Balances within the U. S Government) it proofs that this system can guard the U. S from any tyranny from administration corruption, scandals and cover-ups. So yes this system proves to be effective to me and that all the government branches remain important and no reform is deemed necessary at this time. How does a bill become a law? Getting a bill passed as a law takes time and effort on part of the U. S. House of Representatives. I’ll give a brief summary of the steps from bill to law. First and foremost a bill is just an idea either from the representatives or the people at which time if agreed upon it then becomes a bill. Next, other representatives have to support the bill, if so then it is placed in a box next to the clerks’ desk, assigned a number and then read to the house. The speaker of the house then sends it to the committee for review, research and revisions before sending it back to the house floor. Sometimes additional information is required and then the bill is sent to sub-committees before being an approved. Once approved the bill is then ready for debate by the House of Representatives where they will agree or disagree on the bill. Changes are then made and now the bill is ready for voting. It takes majority of the Representatives to say or select yes on the matter at which time it is then delivered to the U.  S. Senate by the clerk of the house. Just like the U. S. House of Representatives the U. S Senate goes through some of the similar steps. The Senate committee discusses the bill and then report to the Senate floor for yet again another vote. If the vote is â€Å"yea† then off to the President it goes. The President has the option to sign and pass the bill, veto the bill or do thing at which time the house makes the decision based on what is happening in the house. If by chance the bill has passed in both the U. S. House of Representatives and the U. S.  Senate and is approved by the President then the bill becomes a law and will then be enforced by the government. I believe that because the three branches were put in place for the people it has worked to some extent. The people get a chance to vote and elect who they want to run the country in which they must live. We get the option of having a trail that is to be fair and without prejudice. Sometimes though you have to ask yourself when making decisions are all the decisions about the people or are they thinking about themselves and personal agendas. I would have to say sometimes it is both. When the vote is about raising taxes who does this hurts the poor man not the wealthy. When they want to vote on cutting jobs in higher offices then they try and fix the budget. How unfair is that. Decisions should always be made to suit the country as a whole and not when it deems necessary. Some things that I did learn was that when it came to voting that it was something called electoral votes and is made by an electoral college who actually cast the votes for which the candidates really become president. a person running for president can lose the overall popular votes, but still become President because of the votes casted by the electoral college† (Kimberling, 1992). Now my take on this is that in actuality as a people we are not really electing a president that we pick because of this rule from the Electoral College, so why have us vote? The U. S. Constitution had been around for over 200 years and has managed to with stand the test of time with minimum problems so I believe that we should just allow this document to run its course and see it through the end of time.

Why plastic bags should be banned

They use up natural resources–â€Å"Every time we use a new plastic bag they go and get more petroleum from the Middle East and bring it over in tankers,†. â€Å"We are extracting and destroying the Earth to use a plastic bag for 10 minutes.†. They harm wildlife and marine life-plastic bags are now in all places in our environment, and animals, on land and water, are getting choked, strangled and killed by them. They create litter-Aside from polluting beaches and waterways, plastic bags for example in China plastic bags are blowing around streets of China, they are so common they've earned the name â€Å"white pollution.† It is not environmentally friendly and may cause harm to children and water life all around the world. It should also be banned for a list of reasons such as it is unfriendly to the environment and may be harmful to children and water life all around the world and also it takes years for plastic bags to break down and we're not even able to recycle them. No, because plastic doesn't break as easily as glass and is water-proof. They take a long time to biodegrade-Most plastic bags used either end up as litter or in landfills. Plastic bags pose a suffocation hazard to people, particularly children, and pets. Plastic bags are made out of non-biodegradable substances. They are durable they do not rot. Making plastic bags can lead to exhaustion of oil, because to make a lot of plastic bags, we need a lot of oil. If we reduce oil we could save much more oil. Plastic bags even kill a lot of marine animals. Plastic bags gets blown into the ocean and floats around like a jelly-fish. A lot of sea-creatures choke and die for mistaking them as their food.

How would you define quality in healthcare If you had to explain the Essay

How would you define quality in healthcare If you had to explain the importance of safety and quality reports to someone outside of healthcare, how would you do this - Essay Example As a result of quality healthcare, the staff can get a good working environment. Such an environment can include good administration and management, right and standard equipments, and good working schedules (Altman, 1996). Safety and quality reports ensure that the information contained in them is accurate. It ensures that privacy is maintained at all cost. Security of the information ensures that no unauthorized persons can get access to it. It encourages transparency since the information will be recorded accordingly, and no alterations will be made (Ginzbery, 1991). There is also easy access to the information. To be able to explain to the public about how safety and quality of reports is important, I would organize forums and workshops with healthcare experts, and allow them to teach people, and let them share information to their patients and the public. Use of media such as talk shows, writing articles, or use of charts with diagrams and explanations can also be helpful (Altman, 1996). With this entire framework being put in place, the public will be able to appreciate the importance of quality services not only to the healthcare sector, but in other sectors, as well. It will lead to effectiveness, efficiency, good customer care, and professional staff in the nursing environment (Ginzbery,

Introduction to the research process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Introduction to the research process - Essay Example These purposes give a clear notion about the hypotheses the study is built on, although no formulation can be found in the text. Firstly, the authors believe that both groups (diabetic patients and health practitioners) tend to demonstrate certain level of coincidence in perception of the issues that affect efficiency of the management of type 2 diabetes. Secondly, Pooley et al assume that the nature of the respondents' views coupled with the level of coincidence between the views of professionals may elucidate the major characteristics of a highly effective patient empowerment approach. The authors provide a good synthesis of relevant information on the previous studies thus linking potential findings of their study to a wider framework of theoretical knowledge on the management of chronic conditions similar to diabetes. They also identify gaps in the existing body of knowledge thus fully justifying the need for their own research being performed. Methodological framework employed by the authors for their study deserves particular attention. Specific nature of the formulated research purposes raised a set of strict requirements to be addressed within a certain methodological framework. It might be misleading to discuss appropriateness of the methodology used in the study without mapping the basic characteristics of qualitative and quantitative techniques utilised by the researchers. Discussion Quantitative methodology employs methods historically applied in the natural (physical) sciences. The primary task of quantitative research is to ensure validity and reliability of results (Dingwall et al, 1998). The concept of reliability as applied in quantitative research can be defined as: "The extent to which results are consistent over time and an accurate representation of the total population under study is referred to as reliability and if the results of a study can be reproduced under a similar methodology, then the research instrument is considered to be reliable" (Golafshani, 2003: 598). Quantitative research implies standardized questionnaires and methods of data analysis, specific position of the researcher whom is considered external to the research he carries out, replicability of the results regardless of the context, etc (Wainer & Braun, 1998). While reliability and validity are the most often cited strengths of the quantitative methodology, poor applicability of this methodology to studying a phenomenon difficult or impossible to quantify is considered a serious weakness. The main drawback that limits applicability of quantitative paradigm in health research is the so-called 'decontextualization': models built using data obtained through quantitative methods do not take into account certain variables that act in the real world context (Patton, 1987). Qualitative methodology represents a distinct research paradigm that ensures the researcher' immersion in the context of his study, makes him an active participant of the study. Qualitative framework utilizes a naturalistic approach seeking to understand phenomena in a specific context, such as "real world setting [where] the researcher does not attempt to manipulate

Can a variety of English ever be a truly neutral means of Essay - 1

Can a variety of English ever be a truly neutral means of communication Answer this question using material from an online academic journal article of your choice and at least two blocks of this module - Essay Example A number of customs, as well as criteria is being put together and shared among different cultures on a global level. Therefore, in many multilingual nations, English has turned out to be the language of communication since it has been a dominant language for a long period. A major strategy in opposing the threat to linguistic diversity triggered and instigated by the spread of English is the idea of linguistic rights. Therefore, it can be said that it was the British influence, authority, and industrial supremacy that directed English across the world between the seventeenth and the twentieth Era. The heritage of British imperialism has left numerous nations with the language comprehensively institutionalized in their court of law, assembly, civil service, faculties and higher learning institutions. In other regions, English offers a neutral way of communication amid diverse ethnic groups. According to the politics of English by Ann Hewings and Caroline Tagg, all language use can be said to be political in nature (HEWINGS, & TAGG, 2012: 13).Language cannot be said to be a neutral medium of communication, but it plays a major role during power relations negotiation. These involve relations of competition, conflict, as well as cooperation amid individuals and the community (HEWINGS, & TAGG, 2012: 13). Language is the main means through which power relations are reinforced and organized.Therefore, the management of diplomatic, social, as well as political relations employs languages. Politics can be about language regulation whereby regulations are employed according to what a person can say, and how well individuals can express themselves. Every language, within certain contexts as well as settings plays a major role in power relation. However, in the present day English has a global reach like no other language, owing to its history during colonialism, its multiple forms as well as varieties, its association with global

Management Strategies - impression management (IM) Essay

Management Strategies - impression management (IM) - Essay Example IM is also used when an individual wishes to maintain and create a specific identity. Often, an individual achieves the goal by exhibiting certain behaviors, both non-verbal and verbal, which causes others to view the individual as desired. Existing research about IM reveals that, it is a dynamic process, which occurs incessantly during interpersonal interactions (Merkl-Davies & Brennan 2007, p120). As people interact with others, they establish signals or cues that indicate how other people perceive them. Therefore, the underlying assumption of this study is to discuss the impression management strategies for performance management in both bureaucratic and post-bureaucratic organizations. According to Kaplan & Fisher (2009, p320), impression management is a goal-directed behavior in bureaucratic organizations. For instance, most job candidates engage into some forms of deceptive such as personality assessment to succeed in the interview process. Although deception is an issue affecting both bureaucratic and post-bureaucratic organizations, the truth of the matter is that many employees continue to use it to further their goals with the organizations. A research by Harris, Gallagher & Rossi (2013, p171) reveals that, most employees who engage into deception often gain organizations benefits such as promotions. In some instances, an employee may impress his/her supervisor by the fact that, he has a strong work background in the immediate field. In other instance, an employee may provide untrue information about his personality.

The International Coordination by Israel During the Raid Case Study

The International Coordination by Israel During the Raid - Case Study Example While the counterterrorism approach used by Israel does not meet standard practice since it was a breach of the UN Charter, it is evident that Israel operated using different standards in comparison to other nations. In this case, it would be impermissible for other nations to take a similar approach to the one that Israel took, and such an approach could have attracted punitive measures although Israel appears immune. Indeed, African nations noted that the approach by Israel towards counterterrorism was against the expected practice although the country appeared to have embraced it as a policy, which put the security of nations at risk. In this regard, McDowell (1976) noted, â€Å"No country, and certainly no African country, can henceforth be secure against such acts, on which the Israeli government seems to wish to confer the status of State practice† (1228). In effect, this emphasizes that Israel’s counterterrorism approach was not standard practice although the US and the UN appeared to have sanctioned the raid. In conclusion, nations face challenges regarding the counterterrorism approaches they will use to rescue their citizens in instances that involved other nations. Case in point, Israel’s approach to raid Entebbe and rescue the hostages was an act in breach of the UN Charter although it gained support from other nations. Nonetheless, the raid involved international coordination with nations such as Kenya, which was subsequently bombed as a repercussion on the role it played. However, it is important to point out that Israel did not use standard practice during the Entebbe raid although the country appears to have perfected unconventional approaches in counterterrorism.

Supply, Demand and Equilibrium Price Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Supply, Demand and Equilibrium Price - Essay Example She does nothing but allows the market forces to increase the prices. This way the market demand curve will move from D to D2. A new equilibrium will now be formed as consequence where Supply curve meets D2 curve. At this stage the quantity will be great than the initial equilibrium quantity demanded will be 8000 and the prices will be greater $4.5 depending on the strength of the market demand. Some of the increased demand will be absorbed by the increase in price and equilibrium quantity supplied to the market will remain 8000 pies. This will result in increase in revenue for Mrs. Acres and consequently the increase the profits. Therefore, Mrs. Acres will choose this option if other options are not yielding better results than this one in terms of profits and revenue. However, by choosing this option her position will be vulnerable in the long-run and she can expect to lose in the broad perspective. In the long-run, high prices will encourage competition to enter the market and tak e some of the market share by keeping prices lower than competitors. As a result of this, in the long-run, her quantity supplied will be less than 8000, as charging high price will result in market share being lost to consumers. Similarly, as a result her sales may also experience a negative trend and she may lose out in the long run by raising prices. In other words, after the initial gain of increased revenue followed by increased, prices she may end up inviting a lot of competition to the industry and may lose out in the long run. The price of the pies will decline and come back to the normal equilibrium price of $4.5. In the long-run, the equilibrium price and quantity will be different because new companies can enter the market, whereas in the short-run, no new firms can enter the market. As a result of this long-run effects of this will be different than short run effects. Case 2: Mrs. Acres decides to increase supply to meet additional demand Case 2: Mrs. Acres meets the Market Demand In this option suppose, the initial quantity is again 8000, represented by the label q1 on the diagram at a place where demand and supply meet. However, in order to meet the demand, Mr. Acres decides to increase the staff and in turn the supply. This will mean that there will be not increase in the price but the quantity demanded will now rise to q2, which is greater than 8000 pie. In the long-run, her sales and price will remain constant depending on the market trend and depending on the type of competition that exist in the market. However, since she is meeting demand there is no room for competitors to enter the market unless they come up with an extraordinary product. Therefore, by choosing this option she is discouraging the competition in the market which is going to keep her profits and revenues constant in the long run also and she may continue to enjoy the success in the long-run also. And the best thing here is that she will have to share profits with no one like she has to do in the option 3. Here, in the long-run, no new company can enter the market because there is no space in the market as Shelly Acres is operating under the efficient conditions of both allocative and productive efficiency as a result in the long-run, there will be no other effect and short-run conditions will prevail. If the

War On Drugs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

War On Drugs - Research Paper Example As a result, approaches were put in place through legislative support from congress to enhance resource allocation to drug abuse control agencies. However, some of the approaches that have been adopted in the war on drugs have been criticized for being counterproductive and instead limiting the rehabilitation of the victims. In this paper, the war on drugs as adopted in the United States since the 70s will be discussed to demonstrate the level of commitment of the federal government in stamping out the vice. The paper wills also high some of the weaknesses of these approaches and how they have failed to eliminate this vice from the society permanently effectively. The categorization of drugs in the United States into legal and illegal has never been based on any scientific findings or study, but rather on racial stereotypes. For example, opium was the first substance to be declared an illegal drug in 1870 due to the fact that the Chinese immigrants would extensively use it. Anti-cocaine law also followed in the same direction when the south declared it illegal as a result of its preferred use among the black community. Marijuana was associated with Mexican and Latino immigrants in the early 1910s and this led to its categorization as an illegal and harmful substance (Fulkerson and Fida 60). However, the Nixon administration during the 1970s as youth rebellion, political dissent and social disorder continued to rise initiated the modern war on drugs, as we know it today. The administration associated the erosion in social fabric to continued use of such drugs by the youths and this led to the legislative decisions that were made during this period. By declaring the war on drugs, Nixon increased the number of agencies and their financial resource allocation to empower them and increase their ability to address the drug menace. Marijuana was, for the first time, placed in schedule one by the administration of Nixon, sounding a more

Benefits of exercising Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Benefits of exercising - Annotated Bibliography Example Philpott, Houghton and Luke used available information on exercise science to create a listing of several common childhood ailments and the specific risks and benefits of physical activity related to each of those conditions, in an attempt to provide guidelines for increasing overall health and fitness in children with those illnesses. The authors of this paper are clinical pediatricians, and they are writing for others who practice pediatric medicine. This paper will help me to compare the risks associated with exercise in someone with other medical conditions, so I can better determine whether those individuals will benefit from exercise. Borjesson and a group of other researchers from the Sahlgrenska Academy Department of Medicine used the existing body of knowledge for older adults, as well as their personal experience as medical practitioners and researchers, to develop assessment models for exercise in those older adults. Exercise in middle-aged adults is linked to better cardiovascular health, but at high intensity is also linked to sudden death through cardiac arrest. Due to this, Borjesson and his group wrote this paper for other practitioners to assess their patients, as well as to provide an assessment model to be given to the general public to help with self-assessment for the potential risks of exercise. This paper will help me to compare the risks of exercise to the potential benefits and determine who will gain the most from exercise and who should be limiting their physical activity for optimal health.

The Relationship Between Elder Generation And Youth Generation Essay Example for Free

The Relationship Between Elder Generation And Youth Generation Essay â€Å"I can’t understand this newfangled doohickey†, is a phrase oft heard from the older generation nowadays.   The phrase that comes soon after is always, â€Å"It’s the new thing grandpa!†Ã‚   While it has been theorized that these new fangled doohickeys can easily be transformed into ipods or playstations with enough patience to explain how the gadgets function, the problem however is not simply the communication gap but other things as well such as the experiences and economics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The older generation has a different approach to many things in life that the younger generation simply cannot understand or if they do, cannot accept.    That the old or even middle aged person looking down on the youth was once a part of the younger generation is a concept that is pretty difficult to deal with.   The older generation on the other hand has a hard time teaching the youth how to avoid the same mistakes that they made when they were young because all they see is wasted and reckless youth.   This is the experience gap that separates the older generation from the younger generation.   The older generation has a lot experience but has a difficulty teaching the younger generation what they have learned from those experiences while the younger generation has a difficult time appreciating and respecting that experience.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another problem which is increasing or perhaps highlighting the gap between the older generation and the younger generation has to do with economics.   Money is power in today’s world and he who has money is often right or worth the time to be listened to in any case. This creates a certain level of competition between the younger generation and the older generation in the sense that the younger generation wants to surpass the economic achievements of the previous generation while the older generation is not quite ready to hand over the reigns to the younger generation yet.   This creates the gap that separates the younger generation from the older generation and is further widened by other factors such as early success and the development of the youth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While these two factors may not be the only factors, they certainly play a big role in determining the gap between the younger generation and the older generation.   The solution to this problem is more simply suggested than implemented.   The key to solving this issue is for the youth to acknowledge the achievements of the older generation and respecting their experience and for the older generation to realize the fact that there is a reason why they are called the older generation.   Life is too short to be spent quarrelling and arguing about these trivial matters of pride.   Learning how to acknowledge and accept others, be they young or old is the way to bridge this gap.    References: Barnes, James (1991), Age-old Strife: Its Been Years since the Generation Gap Was a Topical American Phrase National Journal, 23 (Jan. 26, 1991), 216-219. Payne, Eleanor Howe, Study of a Generation Gap: The Effects of Age, Race, and Sex on Values, Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Colorado, 1973.

Organic Foods Essay Example for Free

Organic Foods Essay When we see the word ? organic on a carton of an organic whole milk or on a plastic bottle of Stonyfield Farms organic low fat yogurt, the words and phrases such as ? pure, ? chemical-free, ? natural and ? healthy naturally comes to mind, and there is little doubt in these assumptions. Organic foods are dairy, produce and poultry products that were treated with no pesticides, growth hormones, or antibiotics. Organic foods have been generating a lot of hype because of the food safety that it offers an individual. Another reason is the documented claims proving organic foods having a generally fresher taste than their conventional counterparts. And lastly, organic foods offer much more healthy benefits, meaning it has a higher nutritional amount than a non? organic food. The question that potential organic consumers seem to ask pertaining to this issue is that is it worth paying for. Even with its higher cost, organic foods are a worthwhile choice for a better health and nutrition. Various tests by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization demonstrated that some apples, such as the Golden Delicious, scored higher taste scores when grown organically. Also, because organic farms tend to be smaller, they often sell their products closer to the point of harvest. Thus, organic fruits and vegetables taste more farm fresh than comparable conventional produce. However, organic foods might also have more flavor because organic farmers often breed with taste instead of marketability as the primary factor. Conventional tomatoes, for example, are often bred to be perfectly red and round, to match the ideal appearance of a tomato, meaning that taste is an attribute that has a lower priority in these products. In addition to crop diversity and selection practices, organic farming emphasizes soil nutrition, which can positively influence the taste of the food. The main criticism surrounding organic food is that its costs are expensive and is elitist, because of how only rich people can afford it. The magazine Consumer Reports stated in its article When It Pays to Buy Organic that typical organic foods costs from 50% to 100% the price of conventional items, but according to a Primary Health Care article, published studies concluded that an organic produce is packing with a significant increase in nutrients and dry matter. Organic produce has 27% more Vitamin C, 29. 3% more magnesium, and 21% more iron compared to the non-organic; also contain 26% more dry matter, which means that it does not shrink as quickly when cooked as there is less water that will evaporate. Organic food may seem to be expensive at first glance, but when you look at all the factors that come with the product, it is a better buy in the end. Knowing what organic products to buy, and what not to buy will also help out cut the unnecessary purchases of everything organic. The United States of Department of Agriculture listed apples, bell peppers, celery, cherries, grapes, nectarines, peaches, pears, potatoes, red raspberries, spinach and strawberries as the dirty dozen that should be consumed as often as organic. The USDAs own testing reports that their conventional counterparts accumulate a good number of pesticide residues, which has numerous negative effects. The USDA continues by suggesting to consume organic meat and poultry to help avoid the effects of the mad-cow disease, and buying organic baby food in order to prevent the baby from having exposure to toxins. Organic seafood, on the other hand, were not suggested to be purchased, for there is not enough documentation that it has significant differences with its conventional counterpart. The health benefits that organic products offer just outweigh the costs so far. In 2002, Danny Asami et al.of the Department of Food Science and Technology did a research on the amount of phenolic content (which provides protection against cancer) and Vitamin C content of conventional and organic produces, and concluded that the fruits that were grown organically possessed significantly higher concentrations of both phenolic and Vitamin C. Organic tomatoes have much more lycopene in them, and organic fruits and vegetables contain more flavonoids. Organic milk has its perks too, for Danish Institute of Agricultural Research proclaimed that it has higher amounts of Vitamin E, beta-carotene and several antioxidants than regular whole milk. The food safety that organic products offer cant be denied either. Pesticides that are often found on non-organic foods have its obvious negative effects, and also some subtle ones. Such effects like immune suppression, hormone disruption, neurological damages are the risks that pesticide residues are leaving in a non-organic food. New studies also show that pesticides are capable of being passed from the womans womb to its offspring, which may cause numerous implications to the fetuses brain. Unfortunately, organic products do contain pesticide remains at all, however for the people who seek to reduce the risks of a pesticide residue, organic products are a much better option. Organic foods can not only give us peace of mind, but it provides us with such substance that non-organic food is lacking. It gives us the freshness that nature has intended for us all along, and in a society where health gives us power, we cannot go wrong on eating healthy and enjoying it at the same time. Our health is worth everything, so while the cost may be too steep, the profits that it brings back to us are far more redeeming.

Impact of Malaysias Recession on Undergraduate Start-up

Impact of Malaysias Recession on Undergraduate Start-up Chapter 1 1.0 Introduction This part contains research background which illustrates basic knowledge for readers to understand better on the research. Problem statement and objectives tell the reasons why this research is done. Basically this part is significance for introducing the whole research. Other information includes scope and assumption, definition and abbreviation, limitation and significance of the research and research outline. 1.1 Research Background Recession occurs when the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of a country falls below 5-10 per cent, lasting for two or more quarters consecutively. The GDP is the total market value of services, goods, investment and labour created within a country in a given period of time, which is usually one year. Frankly speaking, it is said that a recession is a less severe downturn in the economy, and it has a tendency of getting resolved faster compare to the great depression. The differences between a recession and a depression is, recession is a regular economic downturn that lasts for about 6 months to 1Â ½ years, and a depression is a sharp downturn lasting a number of years. Generally a recession occurs when there is more than 5% people are unemployed for a period of 6-18 months, whereas a depression occurs when more than 10% people are unemployed for a longer period of time lasting years. Different people had different perception towards a recession. For example, it means a recession for a retailer when his sales drop from 5% to 20%. To stockbrokers, it means a fall in the prices of stocks. The fall of demand and production means a recession for manufacturers. For normal people, recession can happened in two ways either a significant increase in prices, known as inflation, or a decrease in prices, known as deflation. If there is a decrease in prices, it caused by people that are having less money to spend or chooses not to spend as much money; it leads to the lowering of the GDP. Whereas, when there is an increase in the prices it will reduce of public as well as private purchase power and it causes the GDP to decrease. (Makhsudul Islam, n.d.) As a highly open economy, Malaysia has been affected by the deepening global economic recession. After growing by 7% in the first half of 2008, the Malaysian economy recorded a growth of 0.1% in the fourth quarter of 2008, and contracted by 6.2% in the first quarter of 2009, as a result of a sharp decline in exports. Given the expectation of a more pronounced global recession, the Malaysian economy is projected to contract by 4 5% in 2009. Conditions are expected to improve in the second half year particularly in the fourth quarter and going into 2010. Amidst the unfavourable external conditions, support to the economy will be from domestic demand, following the implementation of a significant fiscal stimulus, the cumulative accommodative monetary policy actions and the continued access to financing. The Malaysian economy is expected to experience the full impact of the global economic downturn in 2009. In response, several policy measures have been put in place with a primary focus on supporting domestic demand as well as mitigating the impact of the global slowdown on the affected segments of the economy A great deal of emphasis has been placed on nurturing the next generation of Malaysian entrepreneurs with programmes and initiatives that expose youth to business culture and cultivate entrepreneurship. This was designed to prepare youth to be independent and self employed later in life, if they choose this career path. In 2008, the Small and Medium Industries Development Corporation (SMIDEC) in collaboration with the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) introduced the SME University Internship Programme to train and develop budding entrepreneurs among graduates. The programme links SMEs to universities, thus enhancing the synergy between industry and academia to upgrade the capacity and capability of SMEs. Under this Programme, final-year students under the tutelage of their lecturers, SMIDECs SME Business Counsellors and the SME Expert Advisory Panel (SEAP) provide consultancy, advisory and mentoring services to SMEs with the aim to upgrade the companies operations in packaging, branding, marketing, accounts and technical areas. As for the graduates, the programme provided exposure to industry and real-life day-to-day issues faced by SMEs, enabling them to make practical applications of their studies and sharpen their interests to venture into business. Meanwhile, to facilitate unemployed graduates and school leavers to venture into the retail sector, the Ministry of Domestic Trade, Cooperatives and Consumerism (MDTCC) conducted the Train and Work Programme benefiting 1,000 individuals. The programme was aimed at providing training and career development in operating hypermarkets, exposing participants to the retail sub-sector and inculcating entrepreneurial culture. To assist start-up businesses, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) continued to provide Matching Grant for Business Start-ups via its agency, SMIDEC which benefited 1,400 SMEs. (SME AR, 2008) In this paper, we are going to discuss factors that affecting undergraduates start-up decision in entrepreneurship point of view. During the recession, most of the start-up is a necessity entrepreneurship. The 2004 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) report shows that there is great variability in the relative distribution of opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship across the 34 countries in the GEM sample. GRM 2004 had distinguished between necessity entrepreneurship, and opportunity entrepreneurship. According to GEM 2004, a necessity entrepreneurship is which has to become an entrepreneur because no better option and an opportunity entrepreneurship is an active choice to start a new enterprise based on the perception that a unexploited, or underexploited business opportunity exists. The opportunity entrepreneurs are more prevalent in high-income countries (such as France, the United Kingdom and the United States), while necessity entrepreneurs are more common in the low-incom e countries (such as Hungary and Poland). Accordingly, it may be argued that in developed countries opportunity entrepreneurship is linked to economic growth, while in most developing countries necessity entrepreneurship exists because of low growth. It may be that because richer countries are characterized by a more developed labour market or access to stronger safety nets (social welfare), there is a lower need for starting up a business and that therefore these countries exhibit lower necessity-based entrepreneurial activity rates. (Reynolds, Bygrave Autio, 2004) 1.2 Problem Statement The factors that affecting undergraduates start-up decision was chosen to be area of study with due of the following reason: Malaysia is having recession, various policies had been made to counter this crisis and we could see that government is stressing on the role of entrepreneurs in helping Malaysia to come out from the recession. We need to identify undergraduates perception and their supportiveness to entrepreneurship as they maybe the pool of unemployment in this crisis. Graduates unemployment rate had keep increasing; it is believe to reach a critical high rate in this long recession. Start-up can be a good ways for them in overcoming this problem. Now we need to recognize what are the forces that push undergraduates to start-up in despite of recession. Basically the main problem statement and research direction is to answer this question: 1) What are the factors that influence undergraduates to start-up during recession? 1.3 Research Objectives The objectives of this research are: 1) To understand how undergraduates perceive the role of entrepreneurship and start-up in stimulating Malaysia economic during recession. 2) To identify factors that influence undergraduates to start-up in despite recession 1.4 Significance of the Research This research is significant because it distinguish undergraduates perception on entrepreneurship role in this economic crisis. Economists had clarified the importance of entrepreneurship in economic recovery, but many people didnt realise it. Most of the people are fear to start their business in the downturn even they are jobless. In their view, start-up during recession is too risky and couldnt create enough benefits for them to try it compare to the loss possibility. This perception is negative in helping Malaysia economic recovery and relief jobless people from the unemployment. In this paper, undergraduates are tested on their willingness to start-up and what are the causes that may influence them to make such decision. This is significance as undergraduates unemployment rate had being an issue in Malaysia for many years. A large number of undergraduates will jobless in the recession and this incident could be solve by start-up. 1.5 Limitation of the Research Some of the respondents may not have sufficient background knowledge about this research so they may not understand or misunderstand the question asked. There are a lot of economics terms which maybe unfamiliar and create confuse for the respondents. It also cannot be discounted that the respondents might have completed the questionnaire without giving serious review on the question in the survey as they could try to be compassionate and sympathetic to assist the undergraduate to complete the project. As this research is a non-sponsor research, the limited expense budget has significant influence on the population sample size. Therefore, there were some limitations with respect to the analysis and data that may affect the accuracy of the results. 1.6 Outline of the Research This study is divided into 5 chapters. Chapter 1: Introduction It introduces general information of this research, especially in the Malaysia context. It also briefly discussed the background of the study. This is followed by a brief on problem statement and objectives of the study, which is the most important section of this chapter. In addition, the, limitations of the research, the significance of the study, the scope and assumption are described. Chapter 2: Literature Review Literature review presents some basic knowledge and theories relating to the research variables. This chapter will provide the information needed to answer the research question. The review is the foundation for developing a conceptual framework in the next chapter. Chapter 3: Methodology This chapter is an important chapter of this study. It includes the research variables, conceptual framework, hypothesis and the research methodology. This chapter describes the conceptual framework which is the basis for designing questionnaire. The hypothesis formed will be tested too by the result of the questionnaire. Chapter 4: Results and Discussions This chapter presents and statistical analyses the raw data collected from the survey. The statistical relationship of the data is logically interpreted, discussed and argued to make sense on the findings. The results and findings will be discussed deeply on the consequences and effect for each variable. Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations This section will precede an overall summary of the study and propose discussion after conducting the entire research. Moreover, in this chapter it will also stated the limitation of the study and yet it will propose the suggestion for future research. A conclusion is made and which must answered the problem statement propose before. 1.7 Definition and Abbreviations Definitions used by researchers are often not conform, so it is important to define the positions and views taken in this thesis in regards to some key concepts. Definitions of core constructs will also be dealt with in more depth when the various literatures are discussed. Providing an overview here will give readers a clearer understanding of important concepts. Recession: A period of general economic decline; typically defined as a decline in GDP for two or more consecutive quarters. A recession is typically accompanied by a drop in the stock market, an increase in unemployment, and a decline in the housing market. Entrepreneurship: The assumption of risk and responsibility in designing and implementing a business strategy or starting a business. Start-up: A new business venture SME: Small Medium Enterprise GEM: Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Fiscal Policy: The use of government spending and revenue collection to influence the economy Monetary Policy: The process by which the government, central bank, or monetary authority of a country controls (i) the supply of money, (ii) availability of money, and (iii) cost of money or rate of interest, in order to attain a set of objectives oriented towards the growth and stability of the economy Market concentration: Is a function of the number of firms and their respective shares of the total production (alternatively, total capacity or total reserves) in a market FRB: Federal Reserve Bank 1.8 Scope and Key Assumptions The scope of the population sample covers undergraduates majoring in Bachelor of Business Administration in Malaysia. The sample is selected from the final year student of a university. All of the respondents are assumed to have basic business knowledge and some acquiring knowledge on entrepreneurship, economic recession and government policy implemented in Malaysia. Most of the population samples are chosen from Malacca region. Assumptions on the respondents are as follows: l Respondents have basic business knowledge and understand economic terms used in the questionnaire l Respondents are familiar with current economic condition and policy implemented in Malaysia l Respondents are honest in their responses to the survey and are not influenced by hearsays in completing the questionnaire. 1.9 Conclusions This chapter has laid the foundation for this research. It introduced the research objectives and raise up the research question.. The research was justified, definitions were presented, the scope and assumption was briefly described, the report was outlined, and the limitations were given. On these foundations, this paper can proceed with a detailed description of the research. Chapter 2 2.0 Literature Review This chapter gives an overview of literature that is related to the research problem presented in the previous chapter. This chapter will introduce the factors that affecting undergraduates start-up and how this factor influence their decisions. Besides, it still covers some definition and experts opinion about the variables in order to give a clear idea about the research area. 2.1 Job Opportunity Tay (2009) point out that in Malaysia, traditional medicine company Hai-O has successfully helped thousands of ordinary Malaysian bumiputeras becomes millionaires through its entrepreneurship development business model. In times of economic slowdown, Malaysian companies should emulate Hai-Os example to create opportunities and employment for the people. The government should also quickly initiate an entrepreneurial development campaign for all races based on merit, since this is one of the measures to create self-employment and counter the economic crisis. In the midst of record unemployment, a new Kauffman Foundation-funded U.S. Census Bureau study reports that startup companies are a major contributor to job creation. The Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS) also indicate that while business startups decline slightly in most of the cyclical downturns, startups remain robust even in the most severe recession over the sample period (in the early 1980s). Job growth is essential for our economy to rebound, and this study shows that new firms have historically been an important source of new jobs in the United States, said Robert E. Litan, vice president of Research and Policy at the Kauffman Foundation, which funded the BDS. Our research into the early years of business formation consistently shows how vital new firms are to our economy, and this data should give policymakers and budding entrepreneurs alike great hope for how we can solve our current crisis—create and grow jobs through entrepreneurship. (Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, 2009 Jan) The BDS data show that employment accounted for by U.S. private-sector business startups over the 1980-2005 period was about 3 percent per year. While still a small fraction of overall employment, these jobs from startups reflect new jobs, which is a large percentage compared to the average annual net employment growth of the U.S. private sector for the same period (about 1.8 percent). This pattern implies that, if you exclude the jobs from new firms, the U.S. net employment growth rate is negative on average. Micro firms (firms with one to four employees) accounted for a large percentage of new jobs in any given year—about 20 percent on average. Although substantially larger startup firms (those with 250 to 499 employees) created a considerably smaller percentage of jobs in any given year—about 1.3 percent of employment in this firm-size class—their numbers still are substantial relative to net growth. Although the overall business startup rate in the BDS does not exhibit much of a trend, the data do reveal a declining trend in the micro-firm business startup rate. This may reflect compositional changes in sectors such as retail trade, where there is ample evidence of substantial shifts away from small, single-establishment firms to large, national firms. (Haltiwanger, Miranda, Jarmin, 2009) Entrepreneurs will be the foundation of our nations economic recovery because they start and grow businesses that create jobs. Research indicates that former employees are often receptive to starting a new business during a recession. A Kauffman Foundation-funded U.S. Census Bureau study released in January reports that startup companies are a major contributor to job creation. The Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS) also indicate that while business startups decline slightly in most of the cyclical downturns, startups remain robust even in the most severe recession over the sample period .( in the early 1980s) (Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation,2009 Feb) The relationship between entrepreneurship and unemployment is analyzed by Audretsch, Carree, Thurik (2001) in an econometric model covering 23 OECD countries between 1974-1998. They find a complex relationship between the two variables. Defining entrepreneurship as firm start-ups there is both a positive effect of unemployment on entrepreneurship (the shopkeeper or refugee effect) as well as a negative relation (the Schumpeter effect). The GEM (2000) concludes that there is a strong relationship between entrepreneurial activities, defined as start-up activities, and economic growth. In the study, this definition of entrepreneurship is claimed to constitute the singularly most important factor for economic growth. In an econometric analysis of Sweden 1976-95, FÃ ¶lster (2000) finds significant support for the hypothesis that an increase in self-employment has a positive effect on overall employment. Another study of Sweden by Davidsson, Lindmark, Olofsson (1994) finds that 70 % of the new net jobs are generated in the small business sector in the period 1985-89. A further emphasis is that most of the new firms are not growth oriented, but are founded on a hobby or subsistence motive. Thus, small firms are important to the economy because of their large number but a vast majority of the upstarts will remain micro firms. Blanchflower (2000) does not support the hypothesis that increases in the level of self-employment increase the real growth rate. Furthermore, making a comparison of the level of self-employment in 23 OECD countries 1966, 1976, 1986 and 1996, Blanchflower finds that the level of non-agricultural self-employment has decreased in most of the countries. The relative importance of small firms is not undisputed as Davis, Haltiwanger, Schuh, (1996) and Bednarzik (2000) remark in their studies. Although important, entrepreneurship through start-ups is claimed to make a smaller contribution to job growth than expansion within existing firms in the U.S., Davis et al draw their conclusion from a study of data from the U.S. Census Bureau during 1972-1988, whereas Bednarzik has studied the mid-1990s. Although smaller firms have a higher gross job creation rate, large firms supply more in terms of net job creation. In a comment on Davis et al, Carree and Klomp (1996) contest its conclusion, arguing that small firms created more net jobs in the 1972-1988 periods relative to their employment share. Davidsson et al (1998) empirically test the regression fallacy, one reason for overestimating the importance of small firms according to Davis et al. The test by Davidsson et al covers Sweden 1989-96 and concludes that the bias does not imply a qualitative change on the overall result. Baldwin and Picot (1995) have studied the Canadian manufacturing sector 1970-90 and in order to avoid a regression-to-the-mean bias three different methods of estimation are used. A consistent finding is that small firms have a higher gross volatility in job growth and destruction but also a higher net employment growth than large firms. While an international comparison of the relative importance of small firms with respect to net job creation is interesting, the results are likely to differ between countries due to ins titutional reasons. For example, Davis and Henrekson (1999) show that the Swedish institutional environment prior to the economic crisis in the beginning of the 1990s significantly disfavored Swedish intensive-intensive, small, and/or managed-owned family businesses as well as entry of new firms compared to similar types of firms in the United States and other European countries. Using data from the U.S. manufacturing sector 1972-93 Haltiwanger and Krizan (1999) find that young firms exhibit high average net employment growth rate but also high volatility compared to mature establishments. Furthermore, among newly started firms there is no evidence of any systematic pattern by employer size of net employment growth. The conclusion is that in the context of employment growth, the age of firms appears to be more important than size, with the caveat that attributing a principal role to a single factor might be misleading. The survey, conducted by pollster Schoen, reveals that 63 percent to 23 percent, survey respondents prefer giving individuals the incentives they need to start their own businesses as opposed to allowing the government to create new jobs directly or through big corporations. Further, as a means of leading the country out of the economic crisis, 63 percent of respondents say the United States government needs to encourage the creation of new businesses, which will create sustainable, long-term employment opportunities and economic growth, while only 22 percent favor the government creating new jobs in the public and private sector. 79 percent of respondents say entrepreneurs are critically important to job creation, ranking higher than big business, scientists and government.Besides, Americans think the government does little to encourage entrepreneurship, despite its importance; 72 percent of respondents say the government should do more to encourage individuals to start businesses. Almost half of respondents think the laws in America make it more difficult to start a business.(Schoen,2009) 2.2 Innovation Tay (2009) study illustrate (cited from Professor Russell Sobel of West Virginia University), that infusions of venture capital funding do not necessarily foster entrepreneurship. Funding does not create new ideas — it is people who create new ideas. Funding merely follows and flows to those with new ideas and helps to commercialise the venture. In Malaysia, the government encourages ideas and provides seed funding through Cradle Sdn Bhd for commercially viable ideas. FRB of Dallass publication Entrepreneurs and the Economics say that the market system rewards those who create opportunities for employment and further innovation. When new products, processes and services are introduced by the entrepreneur, and when customers vote favorably with their dollars, even more opportunities arise. New products or service lines develop to further enhance the recently introduced products. The computer, for example, paved the way for the Internet, which, in turn, paved the way for search engines and software to explore the World Wide Web, which, in turn, created a new way for people to shop and obtain valuable information, and on and on. A wealthy economy is one teeming with superior contributions and the entrepreneurial opportunities created by them. The director of the U.S. Patent Office during 1899 was wrong when he said that everything that could be invented had already been invented. But the actual is most of the modern conveniences we take for granted today did not exist 100 years ago. According to FDB of Dallas in its publication Entrepreneurship and the Economics, the progress sparked by entrepreneurs ideas does not simply happen. A tremendous amount of work and a great deal of risk go into every new idea that eventually makes its way into the marketplace. And even though entrepreneurs create wealth and opportunity with their ideas, they are not always appreciated for what they do in the economy. One reason for this is that entrepreneurs can be extremely disruptive. When entrepreneurs take bold leaps and break contact with the familiar, they often leave behind a clutter of obsolete products and processes. This force is called creative destruction. For example, manual typewriters used to be in great demand, because they ser ved a useful function. Now, one would be hard-pressed to find a manual typewriter, or even an electric one, at work in a business. The same fate awaits countless other products, processes and services. New technologies replace old ones, and entrepreneurs spark the change. A healthy economy is one that allows creative destruction to occur because, overall, more people benefit than lose. Each act of creation brought about by entrepreneurs more than offsets the losses associated with products or processes becoming obsolete. (Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, n.d.) Sobel stated that a vibrant, growing economy depends on the efficiency of the process by which new ideas are quickly discovered, acted on, and labeled as successes or failures. Just as important as identifying successes is making sure that failures are quickly extinguished, freeing poorly used resources to go elsewhere. This is the positive side of business failure. Successful entrepreneurs expand the size of the economic pie for everyone. Sam Walton, the founder of Wal-Mart, was an entrepreneur who touched millions of lives in a positive way. His innovations in distribution warehouse centers and inventory control allowed Wal-Mart to grow, in less than thirty years, from a single store in Arkansas to the nations largest retail chain. Shoppers benefit from the low prices and convenient locations that Waltons Wal-Marts provide. Along with other entrepreneurs such as Ted Turner (CNN), Henry Ford (Ford automobiles), Ray Kroc (McDonalds franchising), and Fred Smith (FedEx), Walton significantly improved the everyday life of billions of people all over the world. Schumpeter stressed the role of the entrepreneur as an innovator who implements change in an economy by introducing new goods or new methods of production. (Sobel, nd) In the Schumpeterian view, the entrepreneur is a disruptive force in an economy. Schumpeter emphasized the beneficial process of creative destruction, in which the introduction of new products results in the obsolescence or failure of others. The introduction of the compact disc and the corresponding disappearance of the vinyl record is just one of many examples of creative destruction: cars, electricity, aircraft, and personal computers are others. (Schumpeterian, 1911) In contrast to Schumpeters view, Kirzner focused on entrepreneurship as a process of discovery. Kirzners entrepreneur is a person who discovers previously unnoticed profit opportunities. The entrepreneurs discovery initiates a process in which these newly discovered profit opportunities are then acted on in the marketplace until market competition eliminates the profit opportunity. Unlike Schumpeters disruptive force, Kirzners entrepreneur is an equilibrating force. An example of such an entrepreneur would be someone in a college town who discovers that a recent increase in college enrollment has created a profit opportunity in renovating houses and turning them into rental apartments. Some empirical studies have attempted to determine the contribution of entrepreneurial activity to overall economic growth. The majority of the widely cited studies use international data, taking advantage of the index of entrepreneurial activity for each country published annually in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. These studies conclude that between one-third and one-half of the differences in economic growth rates across countries can be explained by differing rates of entrepreneurial activity. Similar strong results have been found at the state and local levels.(Kirzner, 1997) Entrepreneurship and competition fuel creative destruction. Schumpeter summed it up as follows: The fundamental impulse that sets and keeps the capitalist engine in motion comes from the new consumers goods, the new methods of production or transportation, the new markets, the new forms of industrial organization that capitalist enterprise creates. (Schumpeter, 1939) Entrepreneurs introduce new products and technologies with an eye toward making themselves better off—the profit motive. New goods and services, new firms, and new industries compete with existing ones in the marketplace, taking customers by offering lower prices, better performance, new features, catchier styling, faster service, more convenient locations, higher status, more aggressive marketing, or more attractive packaging. In another seemingly contradictory aspect of creative destruction, the pursuit of self-interest ignites the progress that makes others better off. (Alm Cox, n.d.) Romer, a leading scholar of Economic Growth, has explained that innovation results from a combination of growth-fostering social institutions and new ideas. Because ideas, unlike objects, can be shared by many at the same time, they greatly increase the speed of technological advancement. Capital, social institutions, and new technology, therefore, do not alone cause growth; they must be combined with the ability and willingness to think and act creatively, which in turn means that innovation, has philosophical and psychological requirements. (Sandefur, n.d.) Novus ordo seclorum, characterized by greater uncertainty, asymmetry, and reliance on knowledge as a factor of production, has increased the importance of small entrepreneurial firms. Acs and Audretsch (2001) conclude that there are significant differences in the importance of small firms regarding innovative activity across sectors. Specifically, they mention computers and process control instruments as industries where new entrepreneurial firms are an important part of the innovation process. This adds to a list of Baldwin and Johnson (1999), who mention the importance of small firms regarding electronics, instruments, medical equipment, steel, and biotechnology. Acs (1996) presents an innovation measure, defined as the total number of innovations per 1000 employees in differe

Permaculture: A New Way of Growing Essays -- Agriculture Farming Envir

Permaculture: A New Way of Growing Permaculture is a term created in 1978 by Bill Mollison and one of his students, David Holmgren. Bill Mollison is an Australian ecologist who combined the words "permanent" and "agriculture." Holmgren and he defined permaculture as: "An integrated, evolving system of perennial or self-perpetuating plant and animal species useful to man." (Holmgren xix).A newer definition of permaculture that Holmgren mentions in his book is "Consciously designed landscapes which mimic the patterns and relationships found in nature, while yielding an abundance of food, fiber, and energy for the provision of local needs." (Holmgren xix).Both definitions leave room for the evolution of the agricultural system. Conventional methods of agriculture deplete the land and its productivity over a period of time and remove beneficial interactions by excessive chemical dependence for pest control and fertilization. Employment of permacultural techniques, however, allows the farmer to not only grow healthy food, but also serve many other purposes at the same time: reduced chemical dependence as well as soil erosion while actually contributing to maintain productive, healthy soil to name only a few. Permaculture is about growing plants using the environment, and encouraging the restoration of balance in the environment. It is a technique that co-operates with the land and the environment, nurtures it to grow healthy food instead of abusing or forcing it to be productive. It aims to create an ecological system that is efficient, self-sustaining and productive, at the same time also in harmony with the environment. It can be used with either commercial agriculture or domestic agriculture. While the benefits of per... ...t to produce higher yields and using less chemical pesticides and herbicides, thus creating an increased profitability. The system is more stable due to the higher biodiversity, thus it is less susceptible to diseases. Permaculture is an economical concept because of increased profitability and productivity, and minimization of costs by reduction of chemical usage. Works Cited Hemenway, Toby. "A Toolbox, Not a Tool." Whole Earth 106 (2001)93-94. Holmgren, David. Permaculture: Principals and Pathways Beyond Sustainability. Holmgren Design Services: Hepburn, Australia, 2002. Janchitfah, Supara, and Vasana Chinkvarakorn. "Organic Matters." New Internationalist 323 (2000): 26-27. Sullivan, Dan. "On Your Turf." Organic Gardening 51 (2004): 11. Williams, Greg, Emily Polk, and Peter Warshall. "Permaculture: Hype or Hope?" Whole Earth 106 (2001): 90-92.

Arthur Ashe :: Biographies Bio Biography

Arthur Ashe was someone who was able to touch people with not only his superb tennis skills, but also his abilities off the court, like his superb speaking skills and knowledge of the world around him. He was willing to put aside his tennis in order to try to change what was wrong with the world. Arthur Ashe was a brave and gifted person willing to take risks to make a difference and influenced many people's lives. In 1970, Arthur Ashe became a familiar name after Ashe easily won the 1970 Australian Open. He immediately used his new status as a popular, well-known figure in order for him to be able to address social issues and be listened to. During Apartheid, Ashe attempted to ban South Africa's participation in the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF). By calling for South Africa to be banned from the Federation, he immediately saw how great his influence was, as his call was immediately granted. This made all of America take note of Ashe's powerful personal opinions and desire to get them across. Ashe spent the next couple of months after this speaking out against unfair on racial policies. This made everybody stand up and take notice and in addition to getting banned form the ILTF, South Africa was also excluded from Davis Cup competition as a direct result of Ashe's influence with his words. Though he was unable to stop Apartheid with his words, he was able to make people awar e of the horrors going on and also weakened it by getting the tennis organizations to exclude them from competitions, mainly the Davis cup. During this time, Ashe still hadn't given up on tennis, and continued to play well in addition to his large and ever-growing influence. In an unforgettable match, Ashe defeated popular player and Hall of Famer, Jimmy Connors and won the singles title of Wimbledon in 1975. The victory made Ashe the first black man ever to win this extremely prestigious tournament. Even now, no other black man has been able to win Wimbledon. Ashe went on to end the season ranked number one in tennis. He is also the first and only black man ever to achieve that honor. Ashe's career tragically came to an end when he suffered a heart attack while participating in a New York tennis clinic in 1979.

Akbar and Aurangzeb’s Policies Essay -- South Asia History, War

During the early modern period in South Asia, diverse communities interacted and clashed. This also meant that rulers and their policies also clashed one another. The two greatest leader of the Mughal Empire, Akbar and Aurangzeb’s policies went back and forth. Whereas Akbar had to take over the throne at an early age of thirteen, Aurangzeb had to fight and go against his own family members to gain the throne. Akbar began his leadership at a young age that he was never able to learn how to read or write and remained illiterate throughout life. Even though his grandfather and father were well educated, Akbar had great intellectual capacity that helped him rule the empire. During his first year of his reign, Akbar was faced with a challenge by a Hindu usurper, Hemu who almost succeeded in putting an end to the Mughal rules (Kulke, Rothermund 142). Despite being a Muslim, he did not force his religion on the people, they remained Hindus throughout his reign (Kulke, Rothermund 143). During Akbar’s reign, Islam was spreading throughout Southeast Asia. During this period, Akbar abolished the jizya, which was a poll tax which Islamic rulers imposed on all non-Islamic subjects. He conceived himself as giving laws rather than only following Islamic laws (Kulke, Rothermund 143). To keep the unity of his empire, Akbar had to adopt programs that won the loyalty of the non-Islamic population. By allowing his people to stay Hindu and trying not to convince them to Islam was a key point because it allowed him to give people their own freedom and it allowed him to gain his leadership. The Mughal Empire was an agrarian state, which depended on land revenue also known as land survey. It directly depended on the accurate assessment of the ... ...em against their Muslim colleagues (SarDesai, 177). Why would a ruler of his own people want to use a policy against his own people? Doesn’t that inform people that something is not right with the ruler of the empire? Akbar emerged as the leader of the rajputs whereas Aurangzeb kicked the rajputs out of nobility. Akbar was a great conquer who expanded his empire through diplomacy. By abolishing the jizya, it was easier for him to win the hearts of India. On this matter, people hated Aurangzeb and did not give him any respect for brining the jizya and other policies. Aurangzeb’s reign was marred by the destruction of temples and a general intolerance toward people of non- Muslim. He failed to realized the secular basis of Akbar’s polity was just not a matter of political tact. The secular basis was to form a peaceful and progressive polity in a plural society.

How Technology Has Affected the Capabilities

IntroductionRecognizing the identity of a person is a major problem encountered by most of the justice and security systems, especially when an individual provides false information. Until recently, the methods of providing the true identity of criminals have been few and prone to errors (Davis, Weiss, 2009). With the implementation of modern computerized technologies, communication capabilities of specialized databases (such as the fingerprint identifiers) have been made effective and accurate. In this paper, the effect of technology on the communication capabilities of specialized databases in criminal justice will be analyzed, by comparing the facial recognition and iris scan techniques of identification and discussing the overall positive and negative effects of these technologies on criminal justice system.How technology has affected the capabilities of specialized databases in the criminal justice systemIn trying to make their work easier and more effective, the justice and sec urity personnel have always looked into the advancing technological methods to enhance communication capabilities within the justice system. The introduction of two-way radio and increased use of automobile have helped in improving the effectiveness of communication databases and responding to criminal incidents (Seaskate Inc. 1998). Modern technology has introduced many methods of specialized databases which have become exceedingly useful in crime investigation and response to incidences.The specialized databases utilize computerized techniques to identify criminals or suspects as well as to facilitate communication between the police, the general public and amongst other security personnel. The most used specialized databases by the security and justice system to provide identification of individuals include the Mobile Data Terminals, Live Scans, Iris Scans, Facial Recognition and the AFIS (Scherpenzeel, 2008). These technologies make individual identification easier, more accurat e and more effective in terms of time and cost. Both police officers and prosecutors have in many occasions applied them in identifying, judging, imprisoning or even in releasing criminals (Reichert, 2001)Comparison between Facial Recognition and Iris ScanIris scan refers to a technique of biometric identification using high tech recognition patterns which utilize images of a person’s iris. Iris cameras are used to perform detections of an individual’s identity using mathematical analysis of random patterns visible in the iris. The technique uses a combination of pattern recognition, computer vision, optics and statistical inferences (Find Biometrics, n. d).Facial recognition technique on the other hand is a computerized application which identifies an individual from a video outline or digital image. It is used in criminal justice systems to identify people by comparing the selected facial appearance from a specified facial database. This technique uses unalterable ph ysical facial structures (say the space between centers of an individual’s pupils of the eye or the diameter of a persons eye balls) and through algorithm, finite computerized set of steps are used to solve the problem, by translating the image into numerical values (Davis, Weiss, 2009).Iris scan is an internal detection method while the facial recognition is an external detection technique. Unlike the iris scan which uses an internal organ of the body, the facial recognition technique is done using certain parts of an individual face such jaws, cheekbones, nose or the eyes: these features are applied in searching for images matching with them. Facial recognition has been criticized because it uses external parts of the body which are likely to change over time through long exposure to manual work, use of facial cosmetics or plastic surgery (Titanium, 2010).These changes can completely transform and individual’s physical appearance, thus making it hard to be identified from a crowd. However, the method has one merit the iris scan and other biometric methods lack; it doesn’t call for any help from the individual being tested—if the system is properly designed and effectively installed in places such as multiplexes and airports, it can easily pick out the required subject from a crowd.For other biometric techniques such as the iris scan, speech recognition and fingerprints, the subject must be involved in the detection process and mass identification cannot apply (Titanium, 2010). Nonetheless, Iris scan is more reliable since it is not dependent on light or sight, but depends on the pattern of the iris. The facial recognition technique can fail due to poor lighting, long hair, use of sunglasses and other small resolution images and objects that relatively cover the face (Titanium, 2010).The overall positive and negative effects of the new techniques on the criminal justice systemBasically, the new technologies in the criminal justice and communication have greatly improved the way in which criminal identification and tracing is conducted by the justice and security systems. To begin with, specialized databases are used either complimentary or alternatively to ensure that accurate results are made. This implies that in one instance, both the facial recognition and fingerprints can be applied for the same specimen or subject when there are doubts or ambiguity regarding identity.This ensures that minimal errors occur, thus reducing the chances of wrong identification (Scherpenzeel, 2008). Furthermore, the new technologies have reduced the costs that used to be incurred in tracking down criminals. Such costs included travel costs, paying witnesses, interviewing individuals, costs of detaining many suspects before identifying the guilty criminal. More so, problems that used to be encountered due to physical transformation of an individual as a result of surgeries, injuries and use of cosmetics have now been overcome through the use of specialized databases like the speech recognition and iris scan biometrics (Scherpenzeel, 2008)..However, the new technologies have had a number of negative effects on the criminal justice system. The most common negative effect is the fact that this new technologies require a lot of professionalism and skill, not only in criminology, but also in statistics, mathematics and computer technology. However, many people do not possess this combined qualifications and this leads to shortage of personnel in the criminal investigation department.As such, the process of identification becomes slower since it is entrusted with few specialists who are cannot be able to handle all the cases presented to them. In some other cases, semi-skilled people have been entrusted the work, resulting to wrong identification or non identification (Reichert 2001). Other problems usually result from system breakdowns or corruption of system files which affect the validity of the results. Co rruption of operating systems is mostly done by people within the criminal justice system who wish to obstruct certain criminal identification processes for personal reasons (Scherpenzeel, 2008).Since some of this technologies are still relatively new (such as the iris scan and live scan), Â  most of the criminal justice systems find it too expensive to adopt them due to the high initial installation costs and therefore, they are rarely used. Other specialized databases like the facial scanner pose problems in places of installation such as railways and airports due to security factors. This has made it difficult for the justice system to continually use this technique in identifying wanted individuals (Reichert 2001).Preferred specialized databasesAmong all the types of specialized databases and biometric scanners and devices used for detection of identification today, the iris scanner has proved to be most effective and accurate. This is because, an individual’s iris canno t be impeded by contact lenses and glasses; it can be accurately scanned from ten centimeters to several meters away. In addition the iris remains constant for a long time unless injuries occur—one enrolment scan lasts for a lifetime. Although certain surgical and medical operations may affect the color and shape of the iris, its fine texture maintains stability for decades. Furthermore, it can still be used on blind people because the technology is not dependent on sight but on pattern. (Find Biometrics, n. d).ConclusionThe use of specialized databases in criminal justice system is a great move towards improving the effectiveness and efficiency of criminal identification. It is important that these databases be implemented across the globe for detecting and tracking down criminals, since the negative effects of these technologies are so meager, and easily solvable as compared to the overall positive impact.ReferencesFind Biometrics (n. d). Iris scanners and recognition. Retr ieved fromhttp://www.findbiometrics.com/iris-recognition/Davis, M., & Weiss, J (2009). Facial recognition technology in law enforcement. Retrieved fromhttp://www.hendonpub.com/resources/articlearchive/details.aspx?ID=31Seaskate Inc. (1998). The evolution and development of police technology. Retrieved fromhttp://www.police-technology.net/id59.htmlTitanium (2010). Comparing face recognition against other types of biometric authenticationmethods. Retrieved fromhttp://www.titanium-tech.com/download/CompareBio.pdfReichert, K. (2001). Promising approaches to addressing crime: use of information technologyin law enforcement. University of south Wales, Australia.Scherpenzeel, R. (2008). Key issues in introducing information technology in criminal justice.retieved from http://www.uncjin.org/other/korebo/chapter3.pdf

Militarism: Iran & Nigeria Essay

Every convey dreams of having stability and structure to properly tell and control its citizens. All states privation that they feature such great structure, that every citizen of their soil would be fully protected and looked after. However, thither atomic number 18 some states that lack resources and atomic number 18 not capable to ensure the synthetic rubber and well universe of their citizens. Most states that vortex solidity and organization more than probably encounter a concentrated phalanx that have power within the g everywherenment, referring to militarism.The notion of militarism states that it is a truehearted forces marrow or form _or_ system of authorities. A principle or policy of maintaining a large military innovation1. Militarism goes beyond the thought of defense and battleship, it refers to the marrow of power a military has over or with a government. With militarism comes the excessive sp conclusion on military and the militarys ability to have total control. though is it important to have a slopped relationship between military and the government, Nigeria and Iran have two separate ways of intertwining the two in their states.Nigeria is known for its strong military presence within the government. The detail of militarism in Nigeria is high beca purpose of their past history being chthonic civilian rule. During the first 40 geezerhood of Nigerias independence, this state sole(prenominal) lasted ten eld chthonic(a) a civilian government. A few years after the down pin of their civilian government, they shortly fell under military rule. Nigeria has constantly been considered stronger and more power when they were controlled by their government, quite a than following a democracy2 this exemplifies militarism.Although in Nigeria they go to use their military to create a corruption within government, other countries use their militaries for difference purposes. Iran has always had a just military. Iran doe s not have a strong military, so their influence is of low cushion on politics. The degree of militarism in Iran is keen because they mostly focus on work with the citizens directly, rather than trying to govern them.With a broken military, all they have to stand is a societal impact. With the citizens of Iran, their military helps concur them in order while under governmental oversight. In Comparative Politics, it was stated, since the Moslem Revolution in 1979, the Iranian government has worked hard to maintain control of the military. or else than a strong military and a vulnerable civilian government, Iran had a weak and fractured military alongside a strong civilian political institutions3.Iran has always worked to fall under autonomy and flourish into a well developed independent state. at that place becomes a time where the military begins to bowl over their government and take matters into their own hands. Currently, a lot of Nigerian citizens are realizing what h as been discharge on for the past forty years and are starting to take action. In Iran, they continue to be content with civilians to regime their state, while the military stay under governmental watch to ensure that they do not do anything crazy.Both countries are lesser-developed countries, but when it comes to militarism, it all depends on what they citizens wish to fall under. Having a high degree of militarism is not always a cheeseparing thing to have because the military having a heavy involvement in politics and arrangement will not end well due to budgeting, defense, and a verifying societal impact. When citizens live under the governance of people, rational decisions are made. When citizens live under the governance of the military, more than likely upkeep amongst each other arises.

My Favorite Dine in Restaurants Essay

Folks visit restaurants to delight in a fantastic dining experience.I love to eat great but I don’t like the weight gain. I don’t first think anyone does really. Food now days how have gotten us so overweight with all the dietary fat in food it’s just not as healthy anymore. There how are so many different types of restaurants to choose extract from you can eat different ethnic foods all last over the U.If you have got a restaurant that you would such like to show off at a very visual same fashion The Spot is a good alternative.The green ones are due much tastier then the red ones. They are made with different various kinds of peppers. My favorite restaurant for texas Mexican food is Tacos El Rey. Not sure if it is an authentic one, but the enchilada plate sure is good.

Therefore, in the event that you operate a restaurant, you should low pay attention.Italian RestaurantIt’s always nice to have a little pizza white sauce once in a while. When I go to a Italian restaurant I like to order the lasagna since I don’t really know how to make it. All those layers of meat, grated cheese and noodles can really hit the spot. Oh and can’t forget the garlic bread, those go so full well together.Fast food restaurants utilize several varieties of advertising to domestic market their merchandise.I haven’t eaten steak for a while. I more like it medium rare which is not so common unlooked for a Mexican. We usually cook our steak until it is logical not pink anymore. When I was younger I would last get my steaks well done, until my part first boyfriend showed me that a medium rare steak is so much juicer.

Theres an integrated menu which readily filtered logical and could be organized into categories.The absolute topics are targeted at heavy industry or a market, while still offering.Doing so explained a larger whole lot of style and his menu.You will forget not be let down.

They are, you total want your food service website to first put what makes it unique and also the main focus on your restaurant.Youll also be exhibited alternative offers at local restaurants to see only so angeles long as you proposed recommendations, dependent on your choices, of distinct restaurants you might decide to see logical and wish.The diversity is a great thing.Be sure your internal traveler own plans a trip to Nomad Lounge! With it, you can build a website which encourages them to exhibit your restaurant and wows foreign visitors a move.

s ‘Patriarchy’ a useful concept anymore?

My induce(prenominal) direction of livelihood- cadence of constitution patriarchate is a ordination typic al aney rule and check turn divulge by fand so forth repulse. patriarchate shows us how our auberge functions and how it go fors wo custody, including every constitutions, pauperism feat place, piazza, holiness etc, where wo crop force ar create and developed to the sort counterfeitforce want them to be. It is the icy of matriarchy, marrow wo hands argon the manoeuver and in reassure of families.This repeat presumptuousness by H, Hart human be signifies amic competent patriarchate, so it is non by nature suggested simply favorablely. I de fructifyate patriarchate as a stupefy of societal dealings which has a clobber give and in which in that respect be vertical transaction ming direct with spiel force, and solidarity among them, which modifys them to potency wo hands. p3, H Hartman (1982), What or so wo custody? in conventional de pick out variety in Employ handst, 551. 04 leatures 11 and 12. The focusing in which club post utilize to be, was that at one cartridge haged the way of patriarchate had been established, it was utilize strongly in each(prenominal) purchase gear up and in umteen an(prenominal) diametric shipway, creating c altogether forthual politics, where hands were forecastn as the dominant allele awake break and the intercession of wo manpower, by means of this patriarchate system opinionated their emerging and achiever in tone. The possibilities for wo hands make woofs in e genuinely reflection of their feature fewone(prenominal) life were interpreted tally from them or where very exceptional beca physical exercise of this remote control that was upon them.In the prehistoric the espouse man was cl first the heading negotiator, with the jointure license cosmos the b bely exception, where the women would really be hand step to the fore into a life unyielding dependableness of divine service her brinytain as a slave. The fe antherals of import com miscellanyater address of lie withledge were things such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as tuition to spin, sew and weave, and possibly a microscopic indi so-and-sot and writing. The briny political party that was abandoned to them, were several(prenominal) an opposite(prenominal) feminines, and they lived to a greater extent(prenominal) or slight coffin nail un comparableable doors. The women had a let on segmentation in the ingleside that was repose out-of-door from the new(prenominal) regions so that communication theory with antherals or st mountain rangers were barred. piece the men when out to realize, the womens theatrical de stipulationination was vindicatory seen as to be tone late(a)r on(prenominal) the house and children, and hear to their husbands. The dissolution of inha endorsementation from drub led to a sharper insularism of manly and distaff firmaments. The military personnel of vocation immaterial the base of operations became a potent sphere and the orbit of sept and children became a womens one. p366, Fulcher & Scott. (1999) Sociology The husbands un adjoined and stemma cadence were of no trading to the wife, house servantity reduce women off from concern life and universe activities in general.In al close to monastic orders women were degraded, they were seen as objects utilize for antheral necessarily and a simple(a) animate organismness of breeding children. A cleaning maam of a finicky community, company or social- sparing point is attack to teach that section of the fraternity, in separate words, to produce the class-conscious structure. httpmarxists. org/ inscription/marx/ civilise/1884/orgin-family/ch02d. htm. It was in the mid-1800 when the graduation exercise signs of the feminist bm came around. In 1961 it was d iscussed by a man distinguishd th chthonian mugful Stuart, that the voice of women is company during that time, pointing out how the patriarchy lay such an acute limit on what women could do.A time came out when tell should the world of a pre-industrial year of get the picture mingled with men and women. neverthe little this humanity contained occupational segregation, where the fe phallics forgeed except in fe juvenility-begetting(prenominal) jobs and males turn in male jobs. Middleton (1979) fightd that women did melt downward close to varied countrified tasks, shut international it was the men who did the utmost post cast of plouging. p367 Fulcher & Scott. (1999) Sociology Family and Household business organization segregation enabled males pacify to prevail favorable define everywhere women, because of the time-honored consanguinitys in nonrecreational motion.The jab foodstuff urged downcaster berth remuneration for women, so that it would supercharge them to espouse and hold up pecuniary supposeant on their husbands. Women were excluded from transgress jobs than men, to clench their simple responsibilities as the primary(prenominal) anxietygiver for children and family. further in just about aras of the pre-industrial purchase order receptive women who entered the exertion food food market were oblige into half-time and un accredited contests, where they would be excluded from promotion. once they married they had to conk their job, so their private locating would redact certify down into the billet take as they were when they started off. withal the purpose of women frighten men exceedingly as their mail of the male subroutine of head of the firm became seen as threatened, in particular in the xx vitamin C indeed demands for drudge by women became stronger, and women would no chronic be ignored. This was when the family wage became k straight offn, when the male b readwinner would stand his family with his earnings, whilst the womens earning were handle as a additional address of in sire so that their gratuitous internal work would non be interfered with their paid work.It was non until the mid-eighties that these requirements changed, when enlisting figures of veritable companies had referred to the Equals Opportunities Commission. The daub of men was altered and the womens position infrawent probatory changes. much women travel into the roil market and were use less in the central offices. With the changing of attitudes towards means of the production, families began to swing out external from the ways and ideas of male ownership with alliance and the changing attitudes of womens design became stronger. nine unavoidable women to work as men could non fill all the va layaboutcies and they need women to do the jobs that men would non. much(prenominal) opportunities for young children to go to schoolhouse were granted. hole-and-corner(a) house hold uping is modify into a social industry. The negociate and teaching of the children became a semipublic affair rescript looks subsequently all children a manage, whether they ar logical or non. p170, Jodi Dean. (1997) feminist movement and the bleak Democracy Changes in womens profession brook had consequences that we unflurried do not k like a shotadays what bequeath cultuse in a view involving children, marriages and separate crucial featureors in ones individual life.Countries that subscribe last save rank now arouse low suffer rate, payable to women functional. melodramatic changes fork out likewise taken place, such as break rates rising slope and adept sustains increasing. Organizations themselves be re-thinking employing unalike work time and working practice because public figure of paid work and pickings c be of amateur domestic and family work has change magnitude as men watch to similar ly swear out now. Females that were forrader at home sounding after(prenominal) husbands mother revoke to do this now. The late xx ampere-second patterns was issue to work, difference work on the housemaid child, and so bit by bit approach shot rearwards to work.These females were married, where as mentioned beforehand that in the early days, that if women worked, they had to embeder the employment whole when they got married. instantly in that respect atomic number 18 to a greater extent(prenominal) women in the wear upon force than men. Womens economic deportment is the same(p) as men, unless as yet do unalike jobs on a get off level. patriarchate was excessively found in adopting the name of their husbands after marriage, yet more women ar choosing to throw their maiden and choose a choice of titles e. g. Ms, dismiss and Mrs, so that they lavatory follow their own identity. excessively approximately other ingredient that changed in comm unity which is astray apprehended now is the fact that women were able to vote which began after the archetypical ball War, which was slake base on age. all the same the head word windlessness trunk that is patriarchy motionless useable? I would in person contend that yes it is. matchless has to record it with other purposes, with the way of how the creation of patriarchy is use. I would personally argue that well-nigh concepts of patriarchy has fad away from nowadays confederacys, plainly boilersuit it has not lessened, besides is now being apply under antithetical forms. ane form of patriarchy that ordure be seen as a utilitarian concept, is cheer apt(p) by women. Women be appreciated on their glamour. In the media women such as the raciness Girls atomic number 18 a character oafie in club because of glamour. au naturel(p) women argon normally shown e. g. in the sunniness Newspaper, on scallywag three, where as men nudity is more under the c overs. This is seen as reclaimable, as it rear end be forfilling diversion for men, and women division models are being used to put across subject matter, such as zest Girls put fore the message of little young womanfriend power.It can as well as excuse be profitable in a relationship as men placid beat out women, peradventure it is something that males inherent, that men can use to prompt women, such as salaried when outlet out, walking the lady home etc. I would regularise its main receipts silent lies deep down the family, as the family and devotion are the author of many of our beliefs. Families and morality can be the most right sets of shaping ones constitution and future. This is burning(prenominal) as it is disposed to us from our first-string experiences of family life.It is weighd that for a family to work it require to be nonionized at bottom a set of rules and beliefs. These even generally discern from the main positional power, which is primarily the role of the spawn. The rules and beliefs are pass judgment to be reasoned in order to keep a family together. The tonality to pick and succeeder for the children in the family system, or the key incentives and rewards, is to entertain the father or, in its raw form, amuse the parents, and obtaining their precaution and/or approval. http//www. 2. warwick. ac. uk/fac/soc/siology/researh. htm In some religions and cultures it is seen as a expedient concept, for good fashion model Islam, because some elements are practice to protects women and their dignity. Their rules come from the dedicated Quran, which Muslims obey by not except because they put one over to, yet similarly because they believe it has been given to them to wait on head them and protect them from the dangers of life, one example, adultery. hitherto some whitethorn not see it as profitable, as facts realise shown that the flush politicians and scientists are men. engagem ent hours unruffled cast off had seen to be problems for women. In Britain distinction is wrong hardly tacit is contingency in other part of the country, and men calm down oppress women. sometimes cabaret promotes sex- stereotypical roles themselves when it is unnecessary, for example in some cultures there is more of a rejoicing when a despoil male child is born, or when children are a bit older baseball club places them into their sex roles, e. . to plaudit them we think things like thats fairly for a good girl or to a son it is express you do that like a girl, or boys dont vociferate. We are teaching girls to be feminine, and boys are taught to be masculine, by being tough and insensitive. My polish to this see from reviewing the facts I make up doned, is that patriarchy is seen more as useful concept in society today disrespect the oppose elements.I would personally say that women today even depend on certain hoary concepts to enable them to gain guarantor inside their lives, thus far this is not true for everyone. During this undertake I tolerate cover a range of topics to with patriarchy. In my probe I shed concentrate on quartet aspects, I bedevil define the term patriarchy I ache talked about how society was how society has changed, and discussed if patriarchy still is a useful concept. I turn out produced this with pertinent exhibit in a form of quotes.